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DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1076935
© Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart ˙ New York
Ultraschalldiagnostik des Dünndarms
Intestinal UltrasonographyPublikationsverlauf
Publikationsdatum:
23. Oktober 2008 (online)
![](https://www.thieme-connect.de/media/endoheute/200803/lookinside/thumbnails/10.1055-s-2008-1076935-1.jpg)
Zusamenfassung
Die Dünndarmsonografie nimmt einen festen Platz in der gastroenterologischen Diagnostik ein. Sie findet ihren Einsatz in der Akut- oder Primärdiagnostik und der Verlaufsbeobachtung intestinaler Krankheitsbilder. Die intestinale Sonografie ermöglicht die Darstellung der Darmwand, des Lumens, der Einbeziehung der Umgebung in den Krankheitsprozess sowie der Vaskularisation der Darmwand und großen mesenterialen Gefäße. Peristaltik und funktionelle Abläufe können ebenfalls abgebildet werden. Damit ist eine komplexe Darstellung intestinaler Erkrankungen möglich. Die folgende Arbeit beschreibt den Untersuchungsablauf, die sonografische Anatomie und Topografie des Jejunum und Ileum. Besprochen werden die Veränderungen der Schichtung und des Lumens. Es werden die sonografischen Erscheinungsbilder der verschiedenen Dünndarmerkrankungen charakterisiert. Die Einschränkungen dieser Untersuchungsmethode werden ebenfalls dargestellt. Der Dünndarm kann nicht kontinuierlich abgebildet werden und fokale mukosale Prozesse oder Gefäßmissbildungen entziehen sich der Beurteilbarkeit. Die Ergebnisse der Sonografie sind in hohem Maße abhängig von den Untersuchungsbedingungen, der Gerätequalität und vor allem von der Erfahrung und dem Einsatz des Untersuchers.
Abstract
The intestinal ultrasonography has its own place in the diagnostical setting of gastroenterological diseases. It is used in the primary diagnostic and in the diagnostic course of intestinal diseases. The ultrasonography visualizes the wall including its vascularisation and the intraluminal structures of the small bowel, the surrounding areas and the main mesenteric vessels. The peristalsis and the functionality can also be described. Therefore a complex characterization of disease related changes is possible. The following paper describes the procedure of investigation, the ultrasound-based anatomy and topography of the small bowel. It specifies different diseases of the intestine using characteristic sonographic changes. The limitations of the method are mentioned as the intestine cannot be imaged continuously and tiny mucosal lesions or angiodysplasias are not apparent. The results of the ultrasonographic studies depend in high degree on the technical equipment, anatomical conditions of the patient and the investigators experience and knowledge.
Schlüsselwörter
Dünndarmsonografie - Darmwandschichtung - intestinale Erkrankungen
Key words
intestinal ultrasonography - bowel wall layers - intestinal diseases
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Dr. med. K. Möller
Sana-Klinik Berlin-Lichtenberg · Klinik für Innere Medizin I / Gastroenterologie
Fanningerstr. 32
10365 Berlin
eMail: k.moeller@sana-kl.de