Subscribe to RSS
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1627796
Das soziale Gehirn und schizophrene Erkrankungen
The social brain in schizophreniaPublication History
Eingegangen am:
30 June 2010
angenommen am:
31 August 2010
Publication Date:
23 January 2018 (online)
![](https://www.thieme-connect.de/media/10.1055-s-00034916/201104/lookinside/thumbnails/10-1055-s-0038-1627796_de-1.jpg)
Zusammenfassung
Menschen sind inhärente Sozialwesen. Soziale Kognition und Interaktion erlauben, andere Menschen zu verstehen und mit ihnen in Kontakt zu treten. Ein beachtlicher Teil des Gehirns, wie frontale Areale oder die Amygdala mit ihren Verbindungen, bilden das soziale Gehirn und sind für die neuronale Steuerung dieser Prozesse verantwortlich. Subgruppen von Schizophreniepatienten weisen ausgeprägte Defizite in sozialer Kognition auf. Schnittstellen zwischen dem sozialen Gehirn und der Pathophysiologie schizophrener Erkrankungen werden damit assoziiert. Ein Augenmerk kommt dem defizitären visuellen Explorationsverhalten von Gesichtern und sozialen Situationen bei diesen Subgruppen zu, sie lassen sich anhand psychopathologischer Phänomene nicht ausreichend sicher unterscheiden. Dies ist jedoch klinisch relevant, um im Rahmen eines individualisierten Therapiekonzeptes Entscheidungen anhand objektivierbarer Parameter treffen zu können. Im Rahmen dieses Diskussionsbeitrags wird aufbauend auf die Ergebnisse der Grundlagenforschung ein einfacher und reliabler Ansatz zur Identifikation einer solchen Subgruppe vorgestellt und Perspektiven für personalisierte Therapieansätze aufgezeigt.
Summary
Human beings are inherent social animals. Social cognition and interaction are essential tools in understanding other people and coming into contact with them. A major portion of the brain is responsible for the neuronal regulation of these processes. Areas of the frontal lobe, the fusiform gyrus and the amygdala with its connections play an important role in this neuronal network called the social brain. Schizophrenia is a disease where several subtypes have extensive deficits in social cognition and social skills. Overlaps between the social brain and the pathophysiology of schizophrenic diseases are in part responsible for these deficits. Looking at the specific subtypes, emphasis should be placed on the impaired visual exploration of faces with emotional valence and social situations.At present there is no adequate way to differentiate these subtypes depending on their psychopathology.This is, however, relevant and desirable for clinical use, to model an individualized therapy plan and make accurate decisions about specific rehabilitation based on objective parameters. Part of the following discussion will be, presenting an easy and reliable approach to identify those subtypes and creating perspectives for a more personalized therapy based on results from previous research.
-
Literatur
- 1 Adolphs R. Fear, faces, and the human amygdala. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2008; 18 (02) 166-72.
- 2 Akil H, Brenner S, Kandel E, Kendler KS, King MC, Scolnick E. et al. Medicine. The future of psychiatric research: genomes and neural circuits. Science 2010; 327 (5973): 1580-1.
- 3 Baron-Cohen S, Ring HA, Wheelwright S, Bullmore ET, Brammer MJ, Simmons A. et al. Social intelligence in the normal and autistic brain: an fMRI study. Eur J Neurosci 1999; 11 (06) 1891-8.
- 4 Bigelow NO, Paradiso S, Adolphs R, Moser DJ, Arndt S, Heberlein A. et al. Perception of socially relevant stimuli in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2006; 83 (2–3): 257-67.
- 5 Blair RJ. Neuroimaging of psychopathy and antisocial behavior: a targeted review. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2010; 12 (01) 76-82.
- 6 Blakemore SJ. The social brain in adolescence. Nat Rev Neurosci 2008; 09 (04) 267-77.
- 7 Braus DF. Schizophrenie: Bildgebung – Neurobiologie – Pharmakotherapie. Stuttgart: Schattauer; 2005
- 8 Braus DF, Weber-Fahr W, Brassen S. Anitpsychotikaeffekt auf MR-Morphometrie und MR-Spektroskopie bei Schizophrenien. Nervenheilkunde 2005; 24 (02) 63-158.
- 9 Brothers L. The social brain: a project for integrating primate behaviour and neurophysiology in a new domain. Concepts Neurosci 1990; 04: 107-18.
- 10 Brune M, Brune-Cohrs U. Theory of mind – evolution, ontogeny, brain mechanisms and psychopathology. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2006; 30 (04) 437-55.
- 11 Brunet-Gouet E, Decety J. Social brain dysfunctions in schizophrenia: a review of neuroimaging studies. Psychiatry Res 2006; 148 (2–3): 75-92.
- 12 Couture SM, Penn DL, Roberts DL. The functional significance of social cognition in schizophrenia: a review. Schizophr Bull 2006; 32 (Suppl. 01) S44-63.
- 13 de Gelder B, Vroomen J, de Jong SJ, Masthoff ED, Trompenaars FJ, Hodiamont P. Multisensory integration of emotional faces and voices in schizophrenics. Schizophr Res 2005; 72 (2–3): 195-203.
- 14 Driemeyer J, Boyke J, Gaser C, Buchel C, May A. Changes in gray matter induced by learning – revisited. PLoS One 2008; 03 (07) e2669.
- 15 Edwards BG, Barch DM, Braver TS. Improving prefrontal cortex function in schizophrenia through focused training of cognitive control. Front Hum Neurosci 2010; 04: 32.
- 16 Edwards J, Jackson HJ, Pattison PE. Emotion recognition via facial expression and affective prosody in schizophrenia: a methodological review. Clin Psychol Rev 2002; 22 (06) 789-832.
- 17 Frith C, Frith U. Learning from others: introduction to the special review series on social neuroscience. Neuron 2010; 65 (06) 739-43.
- 18 Frommann N, Streit M, Wolwer W. Remediation of facial affect recognition impairments in patients with schizophrenia: a new training program. Psychiatry Res 2003; 117 (03) 281-4.
- 19 Gallagher HL, Frith CD. Functional imaging of theory of mind. Trends Cogn Sci 2003; 07 (02) 77-83.
- 20 Green MJ, Uhlhaas PJ, Coltheart M. Social cognition and context-processing in schizophrenia. Current Psychiatry Review 2005; 01: 11-22.
- 21 Green MJ, Waldron JH, Coltheart M. Emotional context processing is impaired in schizophrenia. Cogn Neuropsychiatry 2007; 12 (03) 259-80.
- 22 Green MJ, Waldron JH, Simpson I, Coltheart M. Visual processing of social context during mental state perception in schizophrenia. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2008; 33 (01) 34-42.
- 23 Green MJ, Williams LM, Davidson D. Visual scanpaths to threat-related faces in deluded schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2003; 119 (03) 271-85.
- 24 Haker H, Rossler W. Empathy in schizophrenia: impaired resonance. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2009; 259 (06) 352-61.
- 25 Hare TA, Camerer CF, Rangel A. Self-control in decision-making involves modulation of the vmPFC valuation system. Science 2009; 324 (5927): 646-8.
- 26 Haruno M, Frith CD. Activity in the amygdala elicited by unfair divisions predicts social value orientation. Nat Neurosci 2010; 13 (02) 160-1.
- 27 Heinz A, Braus DF, Smolka MN, Wrase J, Puls I, Hermann D. et al. Amygdala-prefrontal coupling depends on a genetic variation of the serotonin transporter. Nat Neurosci 2005; 08 (01) 20-1.
- 28 Heyes C. Where do mirror neurons come from?. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2010; 34 (04) 575-83.
- 29 Horan WP, Kern RS, Shokat-Fadai K, Sergi MJ, Wynn JK, Green MF. Social cognitive skills training in schizophrenia: an initial efficacy study of stabilized outpatients. Schizophr Res 2009; 107 (01) 47-54.
- 30 Jeon D, Kim S, Chetana M, Jo D, Ruley HE, Lin SY. et al. Observational fear learning involves affective pain system and Cav1.2 Ca2+ channels in ACC. Nat Neurosci 2010; 13 (04) 482-8.
- 31 Kegeles LS, Abi-Dargham A, Frankle WG, Gil R, Cooper TB, Slifstein M. et al. Increased synaptic dopamine function in associative regions of the striatum in schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2010; 67 (03) 231-9.
- 32 Kennedy DP, Glascher J, Tyszka JM, Adolphs R. Personal space regulation by the human amygdala. Nat Neurosci 2009; 12 (10) 1226-7.
- 33 Keshavan MS, Tandon R, Boutros NN, Nasrallah HA. Schizophrenia, “just the facts”: what we know in 2008 Part 3: neurobiology. Schizophr Res 2008; 106 (2–3): 89-107.
- 34 Loughland CM, Williams LM, Gordon E. Schizophrenia and affective disorder show different visual scanning behavior for faces: a trait versus statebased distinction?. Biol Psychiatry 2002; 52 (04) 338-48.
- 35 Oberman LM, Hubbard EM, McCleery JP, Altschuler EL, Ramachandran VS, Pineda JA. EEG evidence for mirror neuron dysfunction in autism spectrum disorders. Brain Res Cogn Brain Res 2005; 24 (02) 190-8.
- 36 Olsson A, Phelps EA. Social learning of fear. Nat Neurosci 2007; 10 (09) 1095-102.
- 37 Paulmann S, Seifert S, Kotz SA. Orbito-frontal lesions cause impairment during late but not early emotional prosodic processing. Soc Neurosci 2010; 05 (01) 59-75.
- 38 Penn DL, Combs D. Modification of affect perception deficits in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2000; 46 (2–3): 217-29.
- 39 Perlman SB, Pelphrey KA. Regulatory brain development: Balancing emotion and cognition. Soc Neurosci. 2010 01. 1-10.
- 40 Pinkham AE, Penn DL, Perkins DO, Graham KA, Siegel M. Emotion perception and social skill over the course of psychosis: a comparison of individuals “at-risk” for psychosis and individuals with early and chronic schizophrenia spectrum illness. Cogn Neuropsychiatry 2007; 12 (03) 198-212.
- 41 Rasmussen H, Erritzoe D, Andersen R, Ebdrup BH, Aggernaes B, Oranje B. et al. Decreased frontal serotonin2A receptor binding in antipsychotic-naive patients with first-episode schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2010; 67 (01) 9-16.
- 42 Rizzolatti G, Fabbri-Destro M. The mirror system and its role in social cognition. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2008; 18 (02) 179-84.
- 43 Roder V, Brenner HD, Muller D, Lachler M, Zorn P, Reisch T. et al. Development of specific social skills training programmes for schizophrenia patients: results of a multicentre study. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2002; 105 (05) 363-71.
- 44 Rosenfeld AJ, Lieberman JA, Jarskog LF. Oxytocin, Dopamine, and the Amygdala: A Neurofunctional Model of Social Cognitive Deficits in Schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull. 2010 22. March; E-pub ahead of print.
- 45 Salgado-Pineda P, Fakra E, Delaveau P, Hariri AR, Blin O. Differential patterns of initial and sustained responses in amygdala and cortical regions to emotional stimuli in schizophrenia patients and healthy participants. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2010; 35 (01) 41-8.
- 46 Sergi MJ, Rassovsky Y, Nuechterlein KH, Green MF. Social perception as a mediator of the influence of early visual processing on functional status in schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 2006; 163 (03) 448-54.
- 47 Siegal M, Varley R. Neural systems involved in “theory of mind”. Nat Rev Neurosci 2002; 03 (06) 463-71.
- 48 Sigmundsson T, Suckling J, Maier M, Williams S, Bullmore E, Greenwood K. et al. Structural abnormalities in frontal, temporal, and limbic regions and interconnecting white matter tracts in schizophrenic patients with prominent negative symptoms. Am J Psychiatry 2001; 158 (02) 234-43.
- 49 Silver M, Oakes P. Evaluation of a new computer intervention to teach people with autism or Asperger syndrome to recognize and predict emotions in others. Autism 2001; 05 (03) 299-316.
- 50 Smolka MN, Buhler M, Schumann G, Klein S, Hu XZ, Moayer M. et al. Gene-gene effects on central processing of aversive stimuli. Mol Psychiatry 2007; 12 (03) 307-17.
- 51 Sorger B, Goebel R, Schiltz C, Rossion B. Understanding the functional neuroanatomy of acquired prosopagnosia. Neuroimage 2007; 35 (02) 836-52.
- 52 Walther S, Federspiel A, Horn H, Bianchi P, Wiest R, Wirth M. et al. Encoding deficit during face processing within the right fusiform face area in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2009; 172 (03) 184-91.
- 53 Wolwer W, Frommann N, Halfmann S, Piaszek A, Streit M, Gaebel W. Remediation of impairments in facial affect recognition in schizophrenia: efficacy and specificity of a new training program. Schizophr Res 2005; 80 (2–3): 295-303.
- 54 Yamada M, Ueda K, Namiki C, Hirao K, Hayashi T, Ohigashi Y. et al. Social cognition in schizophrenia: similarities and differences of emotional perception from patients with focal frontal lesions. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2009; 259 (04) 227-33.