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Nervenheilkunde 2011; 30(04): 224-228
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1627796
Schizophrenie
Schattauer GmbH

Das soziale Gehirn und schizophrene Erkrankungen

The social brain in schizophrenia
N. Löffler
1   Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, HSK, Dr. Horst Schmidt Klinik GmbH, Wiesbaden
,
A. Berkefeld
1   Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, HSK, Dr. Horst Schmidt Klinik GmbH, Wiesbaden
,
S. Kaaden
1   Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, HSK, Dr. Horst Schmidt Klinik GmbH, Wiesbaden
,
J. Reiff
1   Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, HSK, Dr. Horst Schmidt Klinik GmbH, Wiesbaden
,
D. F. Braus
1   Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, HSK, Dr. Horst Schmidt Klinik GmbH, Wiesbaden
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

Eingegangen am: 30 June 2010

angenommen am: 31 August 2010

Publication Date:
23 January 2018 (online)

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Zusammenfassung

Menschen sind inhärente Sozialwesen. Soziale Kognition und Interaktion erlauben, andere Menschen zu verstehen und mit ihnen in Kontakt zu treten. Ein beachtlicher Teil des Gehirns, wie frontale Areale oder die Amygdala mit ihren Verbindungen, bilden das soziale Gehirn und sind für die neuronale Steuerung dieser Prozesse verantwortlich. Subgruppen von Schizophreniepatienten weisen ausgeprägte Defizite in sozialer Kognition auf. Schnittstellen zwischen dem sozialen Gehirn und der Pathophysiologie schizophrener Erkrankungen werden damit assoziiert. Ein Augenmerk kommt dem defizitären visuellen Explorationsverhalten von Gesichtern und sozialen Situationen bei diesen Subgruppen zu, sie lassen sich anhand psychopathologischer Phänomene nicht ausreichend sicher unterscheiden. Dies ist jedoch klinisch relevant, um im Rahmen eines individualisierten Therapiekonzeptes Entscheidungen anhand objektivierbarer Parameter treffen zu können. Im Rahmen dieses Diskussionsbeitrags wird aufbauend auf die Ergebnisse der Grundlagenforschung ein einfacher und reliabler Ansatz zur Identifikation einer solchen Subgruppe vorgestellt und Perspektiven für personalisierte Therapieansätze aufgezeigt.

Summary

Human beings are inherent social animals. Social cognition and interaction are essential tools in understanding other people and coming into contact with them. A major portion of the brain is responsible for the neuronal regulation of these processes. Areas of the frontal lobe, the fusiform gyrus and the amygdala with its connections play an important role in this neuronal network called the social brain. Schizophrenia is a disease where several subtypes have extensive deficits in social cognition and social skills. Overlaps between the social brain and the pathophysiology of schizophrenic diseases are in part responsible for these deficits. Looking at the specific subtypes, emphasis should be placed on the impaired visual exploration of faces with emotional valence and social situations.At present there is no adequate way to differentiate these subtypes depending on their psychopathology.This is, however, relevant and desirable for clinical use, to model an individualized therapy plan and make accurate decisions about specific rehabilitation based on objective parameters. Part of the following discussion will be, presenting an easy and reliable approach to identify those subtypes and creating perspectives for a more personalized therapy based on results from previous research.

Schlüsselwörter

Augenblickbewegungen - Schizophrenie - Endophänotyp - soziale Kognition

Keywords

Visual scanpath - schizophrenia - endophenotype - social cognition
 

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