Parenterale Ernährung von Risikoneugeborenen

Um nach der Geburt die intrauterine Nähstoffzufuhr ohne Unterbrechung fortzuführen, ist bei Risikoneugeborenen bzw. Frühgeborenen, bei denen eine enterale Ernährung nicht oder nur teilweise möglich ist, eine parenterale Ernährung zur Überbrückung nötig. Dieser Beitrag geht auf die Bereitstellung der essenziellen Makro- und Mikronährstoffe und weitere wichtige Aspekte der parenteralen Ernährung von Risikoneugeborenen ein.

Abstract

Parenteral nutrition represents an essential therapeutic intervention within the domain of neonatal intensive care, utilized for preterm and pathologically affected neonates in instances where enteral administration of fluids and nutrients proves to be unfeasible or insufficient. Consequently, the primary objectives of parenteral nutrition encompass the regulation of fluid and electrolyte homeostasis and the provision of macro- and micronutrients essential for the neonatal organism. The cerebral development of neonates, in particular, necessitates the supply of a diverse array of nutrients. The administration of parenteral nutrition should adhere to evidence-based guidelines. The ESPGHAN (European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition) guidelines serve as a robust foundation, offering detailed insights into fluid and nutrient requirements, as well as overarching principles of parenteral nutrition. These extensive recommendations are succinctly summarized here, aiming for a close alignment with clinical practice.

Schlüsselwörter

Parenterale Ernährung - Makronährstoffe - Mikronährstoffe - Frühgeborene - kranke Neugeborene

Keywords

parenteral nutrition - macronutrients - micronutrients - preterm infants - newborns

Publication History

Article published online:
22 May 2024

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