Rückenschmerzen und erhöhtes Bandscheibenvorfallrisiko bei Astronauten während und nach Raumfahrtmissionen

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG

Rückenschmerzen zu Beginn einer Raumfahrtmission sowie ein erhöhtes Risiko für Bandscheibenvorfälle (Diskusprolaps) nach der Rückkehr ist ein seit Langem bekanntes medizinisches Problem der bemannten Raumfahrt. Mit dem Bestreben, den Mond permanent zu besiedeln, wird der Erhalt der körperlichen Gesundheit in einer für den Menschen fremden Umgebung ein zentraler Faktor. Im Vergleich zu den Apollo-Flügen zum Mond in den 1970er-Jahren sollen die Aufenthalte auf dem Mond in Zukunft nicht nur ein paar Tage dauern, sondern Monate, was neue Gesundheitsrisiken mit sich bringt. Durch die Entfernung zur Erde und den dadurch eingeschränkten Zugang zu medizinischen Leistungen wird es ferner viel schwieriger oder gar unmöglich, bei Notfällen schnell einzugreifen. Deshalb sind neue Ideen zur Bewältigung der medizinischen Herausforderungen gefragt.

ABSTRACT

Back pain at onset and an increased risk of disc herniation after a space mission are both issues in human spaceflight. With the new efforts for the return to the moon and its eventual colonization, the maintenance of physical health in an environment alien to man becomes very important issue. Compared to the 1970 visits to the Moon, the stays today are planned to be much longer, which can lead to new health risks. In addition, the distance to the Earth and thus reduced accessibility of medical services, which makes rapid intervention in emergencies difficult or even impossible. New ideas are needed to overcome these challenges.

Key words

spine - curvature - microgravity - hypergravity - lunar - lumbar - parabolic flight

Publication History

Article published online:
10 October 2022

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