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DOI: 10.1055/a-2270-5527
Chemical Constituents from Agave applanata and Its Antihyperglycemic, Anti-inflammatory, and Antimicrobial Activities Associated with Its Tissue Repair Capability
This research was financially supported by CONACyT (grant CB-2015 – 241 044).![](https://www.thieme-connect.de/media/plantamedica/202405/lookinside/thumbnails/10-1055-a-2270-5527_pmh0533-1.jpg)
Abstract
Agave applanata is a Mexican agave whose fresh leaves are employed to prepare an ethanol tonic used to relieve diabetes. It is also applied to skin to relieve varicose and diabetic foot ulcers, including wounds, inflammation, and infections. In this study, the chemical composition of this ethanol tonic is established and its association with antihyperglycemic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and wound healing activities is discussed. The fresh leaves of A. applanata were extracted with ethanol : H2O (85 : 15). A fraction of this extract was lyophilized, and the remainder was partitioned into CH2Cl2, n-BuOH, and water. CH2Cl2 and n-BuOH fractions were subjected to a successive open column chromatography process. The structure of the isolated compounds was established using nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry spectra. The antihyperglycemic activity was evaluated through in vivo sucrose and glucose tolerance experiments, as well as ex vivo intestinal absorption and hepatic production of glucose. Wound healing and edema inhibition were assayed in mice. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the hydroalcoholic extract, its fractions, and pure compounds were determined through agar microdilution against the most isolated pathogens from diabetic foot ulcers. Fatty acids, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, hecogenin (1), N-oleyl-D-glucosamine, β-daucosterol, sucrose, myo-inositol, and hecogenin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 3)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-β-D-galactopyranoside (2) were characterized. This research provides evidence for the pharmacological importance of A. applanata in maintaining normoglycemia, showing anti-inflammatory activity and antimicrobial effects against the microorganisms frequently found in diabetic foot ulcers. This plant plays an important role in wound healing and accelerated tissue reparation.
Keywords
Agave applanata - Asparagaceae - antihyperglycemic herb - antihyperglycemic compounds - diabetic treatment - wound healingSupporting Information
- Supporting Information
The 1H, 13C, HSQC and HMBC NMR spectra for compounds 1 and 2 can be found online as Supporting Information.
Publication History
Received: 26 July 2023
Accepted after revision: 16 February 2024
Accepted Manuscript online:
16 February 2024
Article published online:
12 March 2024
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