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DOI: 10.1055/a-2223-5913
Mikrobiom: von der Pathophysiologie in die Klinik?
Microbiome: from Pathophysiology to Clinical Application?![](https://www.thieme-connect.de/media/akternmed/202401/lookinside/thumbnails/22235913_10-1055-a-2223-5913-1.jpg)
Zusammenfassung
WAS IST NEU?
Die fest etablierte Indikation der Mikrobiota-Therapie: Clostridioides-difficile-Infektion
Die fäkale Mikrobiota-Transplantation (FMT, „Stuhltransplantation“) ist sehr effektiv zur Behandlung der rezidivierenden Clostridioides-difficile-Diarrhöe. Sie ist nun nach den nationalen und internationalen Leitlinien spätestens beim zweiten Rezidiv indiziert. Erste kommerziell hergestellte FMT-Produkte (Rebyota) sind bereits in den USA zugelassen und bei uns im Zulassungsprozess. Kapsel-Präparate aus gereinigten Clostridien-Sporen haben bei der Clostridioides-difficile-Diarrhöe positive Ergebnisse gezeigt und sind ebenfalls im Prozess der Zulassung.
Mikrobiom und Reizdarmsyndrom
Beim Reizdarmsyndrom sind die Studien zur FMT teilweise widersprüchlich. Der Verabreichungsweg (Duodenalsonde oder Koloskopie) spielt möglicherweise eine Rolle.
FMT bei chronisch-entzündlichen Darmerkrankungen
Bei chronisch-entzündlichen Darmerkrankungen verfestigen sich die Belege, dass FMT bei Colitis ulcerosa wirksam ist, beim Morbus Crohn jedoch nicht.
Das Mikrobiom bei onkologischen Erkrankungen
In der Onkologie verfestigen sich Befunde, dass die Mikrobiota die Immunantwort gegen Tumoren und Metastasen beeinflussen kann. Erste Studien zeigen, dass bei manchen Non-Respondern gegenüber einer Checkpoint-Inhibitor-Therapie die Therapieantwort durch FMT von einem Spender mit gutem Therapieresponse wiederhergestellt werden kann.
Abstract
The “microbiome” or the intestinal microbiota is currently in the focus of scientific interest. The number of publications on the topic of the microbiome is increasing every year. In particular, the role of the microbiome in the pathophysiology of various diseases has been studied. Currently it is impossible to have an overview on all new developments with over 25.000 publication in the field per year. However, some key news stand out from this large number of publications. The first microbiota compounds for the therapy of Clostridioides difficile colitis were approved by the FDA last year or are about to be approved. This means that, for the first time, standardized microbiome products are available in addition to fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and are finding their way into everyday clinical practice.
Schlüsselwörter
Mikrobiota - Fäkale Mikrobiota - Transplantation - Mikrobiom - Clostridioides difficile Kolitis - chronisch-entzündliche Darmerkrankungen - DysbioseKey words
Microbiota - fecal microbiota transplantation - microbiome - Clostridioides difficile colitis - inflammatory bowel disease - dysbiosisPublication History
Article published online:
22 February 2024
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