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DOI: 10.1055/a-1848-5906
Ursache, Verbreitung und evidenzbasierte Therapie sowie Prävention der peripartalen Hypokalzämie
Etiology, prevalence and evidence-based therapy and prevention of periparturient hypocalcemiaZusammenfassung
Die peripartale Hypokalzämie ist eine weit verbreitete Stoffwechselstörung, dessen klinische Form etwa 7 % der Milchkühe und dessen subklinische Form fast jede 2. multipare Kuh betrifft. Obwohl sich hinsichtlich Diagnostik und Therapie in den letzten 30 Jahren kaum etwas verändert hat, herrscht bei Landwirten und Tierärzten Unklarheit über die Prävalenz und den Risikozeitraum dieser Stoffwechselstörung. Darüber hinaus gibt es sehr unterschiedliche Angaben darüber, wieviel Kalzium einer Kuh mit klinischer Hypokalzämie substituiert werden sollte. Ziel dieses Übersichtsartikels ist es, die Entstehung und Verbreitung von Hypokalzämie evidenzbasiert darzustellen. Des Weiteren werden die Ergebnisse älterer und neuer Studien zusammengefast, mit dem Ziel eine möglichst genaue Empfehlung zur Behandlung von klinischer Hypokalzämie zu geben. Da in einer 2017 durchgeführten Studie gezeigt wurde, dass der überwiegende Teil deutscher Milchviehbetriebe keine Prophylaxe gegen Hypokalzämie betreibt, werden in dem letzten Teil dieser Arbeit die verschiedenen Prophylaxekonzepte, unter Berücksichtigung der aktuellen Literatur, dargestellt.
Abstract
Periparturient hypocalcemia is a frequently observed metabolic disorder in fresh cows. While the clinical form affects approximately 7 % of German dairy cows, nearly half of the multiparous cows exhibit subclinical hypocalcemia. Although both diagnosis and therapy have not changed over the last three decades, some farmers and practitioners are still unaware about the prevalence of and risk period for subclinical hypocalcemia. Moreover, various recommendations exist concerning the amount of calcium that is to be administered intravenously to a cow experiencing clinical signs of hypocalcemia. This article reviews the causes and prevalence of periparturient hypocalcemia. The aim is further to summarize the results of studies investigating therapy of clinical hypocalcemia in order to provide an evidence-based recommendation on the treatment of recumbent cows. Despite the high prevalence of hypocalcemia, it has been shown that the majority of German farmers do not implement preventive strategies against hypocalcemia. Therefore, we furthermore describe preventive strategies that may be useful in reducing the risk of hypocalcemia, based on what is known from the current literature.
Schlüsselwörter
Kalziummangel - Milchfieber - subklinische Hypokalzämie - Prävalenz - Stoffwechselstörung - Vitamin DPublication History
Received: 25 October 2021
Accepted: 22 March 2022
Article published online:
05 July 2022
© 2022. Thieme. All rights reserved.
Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany
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