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DOI: 10.1055/a-2491-1609
Versorgungsrealität der Bronchoskopie in Deutschland – eine Umfrage der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Pneumologie und Beatmungsmedizin (DGP)
The reality of bronchoscopy care in Germany: a survey by the German Respiratory SocietyZusammenfassung
Ziel Aufgrund technischer Innovationen und des gesundheitsökonomischen Drucks hat sich die Bronchoskopie in den letzten Jahren deutlich gewandelt. Es gibt wenig aktuelle Informationen zur Versorgungsrealität in der Bronchoskopie in Deutschland.
Methodik Im September 2022 wurden die bronchoskopisch tätigen Standorte in einer anonymisierten Erhebung der DGP mit 33 Fragen systematisch zu Merkmalen der Struktur- und Prozessqualität befragt. Die erhobenen Daten wurden deskriptiv ausgewertet.
Ergebnisse Von 196 teilnehmenden wurden an 180 Standorten regelmäßig Bronchoskopien durchgeführt. Ein Großteil der Standorte sind Krankenhäuser der Grund- und Regelversorgung (n=51) sowie Maximalversorger (n=43) (Leistungsspektrum: diagnostische Bronchoskopie, 80% inklusive der endobronchialen ultraschallgesteuerten transbronchialen Nadelaspiration [EBUS-TBNA]). Für den Akutfall sind erweiterte Behandlungsmöglichkeiten an >90% dieser Standorte sichergestellt. Universitätskliniken (n=24) und Lungenfachkliniken (n=35) erbringen darüber hinaus aufwendigere diagnostische Verfahren sowie therapeutisch-interventionelle Techniken. Dabei sind die Leistungszahlen an den Lungenfachkliniken signifikant höher (Lungenfachkliniken: 62%: >2000 Bronchoskopien/Jahr; Unikliniken: 25%: >2000 Bronchoskopien/Jahr; p<0,001). An den Praxisstandorten (n=21, teils kooperativ an Kliniken) werden <500 Bronchoskopien/Jahr durchgeführt.
Am Standort sind in 97% der Kliniken Intensivstationen vorhanden. 88% der Kliniken verfügen im Bronchoskopieraum über eine Durchleuchtungsmöglichkeit. Für die Sedierung werden bevorzugt Propofol (91%) und/oder Midazolam (62%) verwendet. An 21% der Standorte werden >200 Bronchoskopien/Jahr unter Beatmung durchgeführt. BAL und transbronchiale Zangenbiopsien erfolgen überwiegend über den nasalen oder oralen Zugang, EBUS-TBNA über einen Bronchoskopietubus oder den oralen Zugang, die EBUS-Minisonde/Navigation, komplexere Interventionen über das starre Rohr oder einen Bronchoskopietubus. Bei nach ASA >2 klassifizierten Patienten ziehen 46% der klinischen Standorte einen zweiten Arzt hinzu, 47% der Standorte bei einer ASA-Klassifikation >3.
Schlussfolgerung Ein Großteil der Bronchoskopien wird von pneumologischen Abteilungen an Krankenhäusern der Grund- und Regelversorgung sowie der Maximalversorgung durchgeführt. Für aufwendigere Verfahren ist die Kooperation mit Kliniken mit ausgewiesenem Schwerpunkt im Bereich der Bronchologie und Interventionellen Pneumologie, wie er häufig an Universitätskliniken oder Lungenfachkliniken angeboten wird, sinnvoll.
Abstract
Bronchoscopy has changed considerably in recent years as a result of technical innovations and health economic pressure. There is little current information available on the reality of bronchoscopy care in Germany.
Methodology In September 2022, sites where bronchoscopy was carried out were systematically surveyed regarding structural and process quality features in an anonymized DGP survey with 33 questions. The data collected were analyzed descriptively.
Results Of the 196 participating sites, bronchoscopies were performed regularly at 180 sites. The majority were standard secondary care (n=51) and tertiary care (n=43) hospitals (range of services: diagnostic bronchoscopy, predominantly (80%) including endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration, EBUS-TBNA). Extended treatment options were guaranteed for acute cases at >90% of these locations. University hospitals (n=24) and specialist pulmonary hospitals (n=35) also offered more complex diagnostic procedures and therapeutic-interventional techniques. The performance figures were significantly higher in the specialist pulmonary hospital (specialist pulmonary hospitals: 62%: >2000 bronchoscopies/year; university hospitals: 25%: >2000 bronchoscopies/year; p<0.001). In the practice setting (n=21, partly in co-operation with hospitals) , <500 bronchoscopies/year were performed.
Intensive care units were available in 97% of the hospitals; 88% of the hospitals had fluoroscopy facilities in the bronchoscopy room. Propofol (91%) and/or midazolam (62%) were the preferred drugs for sedation. At 21% of the sites, >200 bronchoscopies under ventilation/year were performed. BAL and transbronchial forceps biopsies were mainly performed via the nasal or oral approach, EBUS-TBNA via a bronchoscopy tube or the oral approach, the EBUS mini-probe/navigation, cryotechnique or more complex interventions via the rigid tube or a bronchoscopy tube. ASA >2 led to involvement of a second physician at 46% of clinical sites, at 47% of sites at an ASA classification >3.
Conclusion The majority of bronchoscopic examinations are performed in respiratory departments at secondary care centres as well as maximum care hospitals. For more complex procedures, cooperation with hospitals specialized in bronchoscopy (e.g. university hospital or a specialist lung clinic) is advisable.
Schlüsselwörter
Endoskopie - Sedierung - Assistenz - Atemwegssicherung - Strukturqualität - ProzessqualitätKeywords
endoscopy - sedation - assistance - airway protection - structural quality - process qualityPublication History
Received: 17 August 2024
Accepted after revision: 20 November 2024
Article published online:
05 December 2024
© 2024. Thieme. All rights reserved.
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