Bildgebende Diagnostik in der Hals-Nasen-Ohrenheilkunde - eine aktuelle Standortbestimmung

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund: Obwohl bereits zu Beginn dieses Jahrhunderts erste Ansätze zur bildgebenden Diagnostik im Kopf-Halsbereich erkennbar waren, sind es vor allem die vergangenen 15-20 Jahre, die den Stellenwert dieser Untersuchungstechniken neu definiert haben. In der vorliegenden Übersichtsarbeit werden die aktuellen Indikationen bildgebender Verfahren in den verschiedenen Regionen des HNO-Bereiches vorgestellt, ihre Aussagefähigkeit gewertet und ihre Stellung innerhalb des diagnostischen Vorgehens bei Erkrankungen im Kopf-Halsbereich aus heutiger Sicht definiert.

Summary

Background: The first conventional x-rays of the paranasal sinuses were reeeived in 1897, just two years after the detection of x-rays. During the following decades several modifications and extensions of conventional radiologic technigues were developed, but routine imaging procedures of the head and neck were mainly restricted to pictures of the paranasal sinuses and the temporal bone. In the fifties, tomography was developed, which gave us a more detaiied insight of the anatomy and pathology of the paranasal sinuses and temporal bone. During the last two decades the development of new technigues, i.e. computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), has significantly increased the importance of modern imaging for the diagnostic evaluation of head and neck diseases. These diagnostic tools enable us to visualize anatomical struetures and pathological entities with an aecuraey never been expected beforehand. The pace of the improvement of these diagnostic tools, however, reguires that both radiologist and otorhinolaryngologist keep up with the adeguate indications of CT and MRI in the different areas of the head and neck. A dose relationship and cooperation between radiologist and ENT surgeon is therefore indispensible for a fruitful and cost-effective use of modern imaging. Otherwise the patient is exposed to modern medical technology without an eguivalent benefit. The purpose of the present paper is mainly to give an update and state of the art of modern imaging techniques in otorhinolaryngology, head and neck surgery. Different areas i.e. paranasal sinuses, temporal bone, salivary glands, oral cavity and oropharynx as well as the neck are discussed in terms of adeguate indications for modern imaging in the diagnostic evaluation of different lesions.

Schlüsselwörter

Hals-Nasen-Ohrenheilkunde - Bildgebende Verfahren

Key words

Otorhinolaryngology - Imaging techniques