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DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-966532
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Diagnostik von Riechstörungen - Standards und Forschung
Diagnosis of Olfactory Disorders - Clinical Standards and ResearchPublication History
Publication Date:
31 July 2007 (online)
![](https://www.thieme-connect.de/media/lro/200708/lookinside/thumbnails/10.1055-s-2007-966532-1.jpg)
Zusammenfassung
Riechstörungen betreffen viele unserer Patienten, sodass aus der Sicht der HNO-Heilkunde ein erheblicher Diagnostikbedarf besteht. Diese Übersicht gibt eine aktuelle Zusammenfassung über die Ursachen von Dysosmien, physiologische Abläufe beim Riechen und die heutigen diagnostischen Möglichkeiten bei Riechstörungen in Klinik und Forschung. Neben der subjektiven und objektiven Olfaktometrie werden bei den weiterführenden Verfahren insbesondere bildgebende Techniken dargestellt. Immer häufiger überprüfen wir die olfaktorische Funktion auch zum Nachweis bzw. zum Ausschluss einer Riechstörung als Frühsymptom bei neurodegenerativen Erkrankungen. Daher steht im Fokus dieser Übersicht auch die Bedeutung und das Auftreten von Dysosmien bei neurodegenerativen Erkrankungen sowie die Darstellung der fachübergreifenden weiterführenden diagnostischen Schritte. Die funktionelle Kernspintomografie erlaubt uns heute neben anderen Verfahren topografische Analysen der Aktivierung des humanen olfaktorischen Kortex. Bislang beschränkt sich der Einsatz der funktionellen Bildgebung auf wissenschaftliche Fragestellungen, für eine Routineanwendung besteht hier, wie bei anderen Methoden, noch ein erheblicher Standardisierungsbedarf.
Abstract
Olfactory dysfunction has been reported to affect about 79 000 patients who were treated annually in German ORL-hospitals. The incidence of olfactory dysfunctions emphasizes the need for diagnostic strategies. This article features on the dysfunction of human olfaction including neurodegenerative diseases. Standard procedures for the psychophysical and objective assessment of olfactory function are presented. Current diagnostic imaging techniques for routine use and scientific approaches are discussed.
Schlüsselwörter
Dysosmie - Anosmie - Hyposmie - Bildgebung - Olfaktometrie - Kernspintomografie - Computertomografie - Parkinson - Alzheimer - fMRT - PET - Nase
Key words
dysosmia - smell - anosmia - hyposmia - imaging - olfactometry - magnetic resonance imaging - computed tomography - Parkinson - Alzheimer - fMRI - PET - nose - nasal
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Priv.-Doz. Dr. med. Michael Damm
Oberarzt der Klinik und Poliklinik für Hals-Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde
Klinikum der Universität zu Köln
Kerpener Straße 62
50924 Köln
Email: michael.damm@uni-koeln.de