Download PDF
Horm Metab Res 2006; 38(1): 38-43
DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-924982
Original Clinical
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Effects of Coffee Consumption on Glucose Tolerance, Serum Glucose and Insulin Levels - A Cross-sectional Analysis

S.  Bidel1, 2 , G.  Hu1, 2 , J.  Sundvall1 , J.  Kaprio2, 4 , J.  Tuomilehto1, 2, 3
  • 1Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland
  • 2Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
  • 3South Ostrobothnia Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland
  • 4Department of Mental Health and Alcohol Research, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland
Further Information

Publication History

Received 12 April 2005

Accepted after second revision 10 August 2005

Publication Date:
13 February 2006 (online)

Also available at
    Permissions and Reprints

Abstract

Objective: Coffee has several metabolic effects that could reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes. Our objective was to examine the effects of coffee consumption on glucose tolerance, glucose and insulin levels. Research design and methods: A subsample of subjects aged 45 to 64 years in 1987 and in 1992 from the population-based FINRISK study (12 287 individuals) was invited to receive the standard oral glucose tolerance test at baseline. Plasma samples were taken after an overnight fast, and a two-hour oral glucose tolerance test was administered. Fasting and two-hour plasma glucose and insulin were measured in 2434 subjects with data on coffee use and potential confounders. Results: After adjustment for potential confounding factors (age, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, occupational, commuting and leisure time physical activity, alcohol and tea drinking, smoking), coffee consumption was significantly and inversely associated with fasting glucose, two-hour plasma glucose, and fasting insulin in both men and women. Coffee consumption was significantly and inversely associated with impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose regulation, and hyperinsulinemia among both men and women and with isolated impaired glucose tolerance among women. Conclusions: In this cross-sectional analysis, coffee showed positive effects on several glycemia markers.

Key words

Hypoglycemia - hyperinsulinemia - clorogenic acid - caffeine - glucose regulation

References

  • 1 Clifford M N. Chlorogenic acid and other cinnamates-nature, occurrence and dietary burden.  J Sci Food Agric. 1999;  79 362-372
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 2 Clifford M N. Chlorogenic acid and other cinnamates-nature, occurrence, dietary burden, absorption and metabolism.  J Sci Food Agric. 2000;  80 1033-1043
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 3 Nauck M A, Heimesaat M M, Orskov C, Holst J J, Ebert R, Creutzfeldt W. Preserved incretin activity of glucagon-like peptide 1 [7 - 36 amide] but not of synthetic human gastric inhibitory polypeptide in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus.  J Clin Invest. 1993;  91 301-307
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 4 Meier J J, Hucking K, Holst J J, Deacon C F, Schmiegel W H, Nauck M A. Reduced insulinotropic effect of gastric inhibitory polypeptide in first-degree relatives of patients with type 2 diabetes.  Diabetes. 2001;  50 2497-2504
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 5 Tuomilehto J, Tuomilehto-Wolf E, Virtala E, LaPorte R. Coffee consumption as trigger for insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in childhood.  BMJ. 1990;  300 642-643
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 6 Barbagallo M, Dominguez L J, Galioto A. et al . Role of magnesium in insulin action, diabetes and cardio-metabolic syndrome X.  Mol Aspects Med. 2003;  24 39-52
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 7 Paolisso G, Scheen A, D’Onofrio F, Lefebvre P. Magnesium and glucose homeostasis.  Diabetologia. 1990;  33 511-514
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 8 Paolisso G, Ravussin E. Intracellular magnesium and insulin resistance: results in Pima Indians and Caucasians.  J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1995;  80 1382-1385
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 9 Paolisso G, Barbagallo M. Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and insulin resistance: the role of intracellular magnesium.  Am J Hypertens. 1997;  10 346-355
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 10 Van Dam R M, Feskens E J. Coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus.  Lancet. 2002;  360 1477-1478
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 11 Salazar-Martinez E, Willett W C, Ascherio A, Leitzmann M, Manson J E, Stampfer M J, Hu F B. Coffee consumption and risk of Type 2 diabetes in men and women.  Ann Intern Med. 2004;  140 1-8
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 12 Rosengren A, Dotevall A, Wilhelmsen L, Thelle D, Johansson S. Coffee and incidence of diabetes in Swedish women: a prospective 18-year follow up study.  J Intern Med. 2004;  255 89-95
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 13 Tuomilehto J, Hu G, Bidel S, Lindström J, Jousilahti P. Coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus among middle-aged Finnish men and women.  JAMA. 2004;  291 1213-1219
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 14 Carlsson S, Hammar N, Grill V, Kaprio J. Coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes in Finnish twins.  Int J Epidemiol. 2004;  3 616-617
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 15 Van Dam R M, Hu F B. Coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review.  JAMA. 2005;  294 97-104
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 16 Vartiainen E, Jousilahti P, Alfthan G, Sundvall J, Pietinen P, Puska P. Cardiovascular risk factor changes in Finland, 1972 - 1997.  Int J Epidemiol. 2000;  29 49-56
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 17 Hu G, Lindström J, Valle T T, Eriksson J G, Jousilahti P, Silventoinen K, Qiao Q, Tuomilehto J. Physical activity, body mass index, and risk of type 2 diabetes in patients with normal or impaired glucose regulation.  Arch Intern Med. 2004;  164 892-896
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 18 Yliharsila H, Lindström J, Eriksson J G, Jousilahti P, Valle T T, Sundvall J, Tuomilehto J. Prevalence of diabetes and impaired glucose regulation in 45- to 64-year-old individuals in three areas of Finland.  Diabet Med. 2005;  22 88-91
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 19 WHO MONICA Project Principal Investigators . The World Health Organization MONICA Project (monitoring trends and determinants in cardiovascular disease): a major international collaboration. WHO MONICA Project Principal Investigators.  J Clin Epidemiol. 1988;  41 105-114
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 20 Pajak A, Kuulasmaa K, Tuomilehto J, Ruokokoski E. Geographical variation in the major risk factors of coronary heart disease in men and women aged 35-64 years. The WHO MONICA Project.  World Health Stat Q. 1988;  41 115-140
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 21 Tuomilehto J, Korhonen H J, Kartovaara L, Salomaa V, Stengård J H, Pitkänen M, Aro A, Javela K, Uusitupa M, Pitkäniemi J. Prevalence of diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance in the middle-aged population of three areas in Finland.  Int J Epidemiol. 1991;  20 1010-1017
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 22 Hu G, Qiao Q, Silventoinen K, Eriksson J G, Jousilahti P, Lindström J, Valle T T, Nissinen A, Tuomilehto J. Occupational, commuting, and leisure-time physical activity in relation to risk for type 2 diabetes in middle-aged Finnish men and women.  Diabetologia. 2003;  46 322-329
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 23 Barengo N C, Hu G, Lakka T A, Pekkarinen H, Nissinen A, Tuomilehto J. Low physical activity as a predictor for total and cardiovascular disease mortality in middle-aged men and women in Finland.  Eur Heart J. 2004;  25 2204-2211
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 24 Hu G, Barengo N C, Tuomilehto J, Lakka T A, Nissinen A, Jousilahti P. Relationship of Physical Activity and Body Mass Index to the Risk of Hypertension: A Prospective Study in Finland.  Hypertension. 2004;  43 25-30
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 25 Hu G, Eriksson J, Barengo N C, Lakka T A, Valle T T, Nissinen A, Jousilahti P, Tuomilehto J. Occupational, commuting, and leisure-time physical activity in relation to total and cardiovascular mortality among Finnish subjects with type 2 diabetes.  Circulation. 2004;  110 666-673
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 26 Hu G, Tuomilehto J, Silventoinen K, Barengo N, Jousilahti P. Joint effects of physical activity, body mass index, waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio with the risk of cardiovascular disease among middle-aged Finnish men and women.  Eur Heart J. 2004;  25 2212-2219
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 27 Keys A. Seven countries: a multivariate analysis of death and coronary heart disease. Cambridge, MA; Harvard University Press 1980
    Google Scholar
  • 28 WHO Consultation .Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Part 1: diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Geneva; World Health Organisation 1999
    Google Scholar
  • 29 Van Dam R M, Dekker J M, Nijpels G, Stehouwer C DA, Bouter L M, Heine R J. Coffee consumption and incidence of impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose, and type 2 diabetes: the Hoorn Study.  Diabetologia. 2004;  47 2152-2159
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 30 Yamaji T, Mizoue T, Tabata S, Ogava S, Yamaguchi K, Shimizu E, Mineshita M, Kono S. Coffee consumption and glucose tolerance status in middle-aged Japanese men.  Diabetologia. 2004;  47 2145-2151
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 31 Agardh E E, Carlsson S, Ahlbom A, Efendic S, Grill V, Hammar N, Hilding A, Ostenson C G. Coffee consumption, type 2 diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance in Swedish men and women.  J Intern Med. 2004;  255 645-652
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 32 Frayn K N. Metabolic regulation, a human perspective. In: Snell K (ed) Frontiers in metabolism. London; Portland Press 1996: 103-111
    Google Scholar
  • 33 Matsui T, Ueda T, Oki T, Sugita K, Terahara N, Matsumoto K. Alpha-Glucosidase inhibitory action of natural acylated anthocyanins. 2. Alpha-Glucosidase inhibition by isolated acylated anthocyanins.  J Agric Food Chem. 2001;  49 1952-1956
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 34 Kobayashi Y, Suzuki M, Satsu H. et al . Green tea polyphenols inhibit the sodium-dependent glucose transporter of intestinal epithelial cells by a competitive mechanism.  J Agric Food Chem. 2000;  48 5618-5623
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 35 Nauck M A, Heimesaat M M, Orskov C, Holst J J, Ebert R, Creutzfeldt W. Preserved incretin activity of glucagon-like peptide 1 [7 - 36 amide] but not of synthetic human gastric inhibitory polypeptide in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus.  J Clin Invest. 1993;  91 301-307
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 36 Meier J J, Hucking K, Holst J J, Deacon C F, Schmiegel W H, Nauck M A. Reduced insulinotropic effect of gastric inhibitory polypeptide in first-degree relatives of patients with type 2 diabetes.  Diabetes. 2001;  50 2497-2504
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 37 Newgard C B, Foster D W, McGarry J D. Evidence for suppression of hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase with carbohydrate feeding.  Diabetes. 1984;  33 192-195
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 38 Youn J H, Youn M S, Bergman R N. Synergism of glucose and fructose in net glycogen synthesis in perfused rat livers.  J Biol Chem. 1986;  261 15 960-15 969
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 39 Arion W J, Canfield W K, Ramos F C. et al . Chlorogenic acid and hydroxynitrobenzaldehyde: new inhibitors of hepatic glucose 6-phosphatase.  Arch Biochem Biophys. 1997;  339 315-322
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 40 Andrade-Cetto A, Wiedenfeld H. Hypoglycemic effect of Cecropia obtusifolia on streptozotocin diabetic rats.  J Ethnopharmacol. 2001;  78 145-149
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 41 Keijzers G B, De Galan B E, Tack C J, Smiths P. Caffeine can decrease insulin sesitivity in humans.  Diabetes Care. 2002;  25 364-369
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 42 Denaro C P, Brown C R, Jacob P, Benowitz N L. Effects of caffeine with repeated dosing.  Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1991;  40 273-278
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 43 Arnlov J, Vessby B, Riserus U. Coffee consumption and insulin sensitivity.  JAMA. 2004;  291 1199-1201
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 44 Yeni-Komshian H, Carantoni M, Abbasi F, Reaven G M. Relationship between several surrogate estimates of insulin resistance and quantification of insulin-mediated glucose disposal in 490 healthy nondiabetic volunteers.  Diabetes Care. 2002;  23 171-175
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 45 Laakso M. How good is insulin level for insulin resistance?.  Am J Epidemiol. 1992;  137 959-965
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 46 Ferrannini E, Mari A. How to measure insulin sensitivity.  J Hypertens. 1998;  16 895-906
    Google Scholar
  • 47 Haffner S M, Valdez R A, Hazuda H P, Mitchell B D, Moralles P A, Stern M P. Prospective analaysis of the insulin-resistance syndrom (syndrom X).  Diabetes. 1992;  41 715-722
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 48 Zavaroni I, Bonora E, Pagliara M. et al . Risk factors for coronary artery disease in healthy persons with hyperinsulinemia and normal glucose tolerance.  N Eng J Med. 1989;  320 702-706
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 49 Despres J P, Lamarch B, Maurige P. et al . Hyperinsulinemia as an independent risk factor for ischemic heart disease.  N Eng J Med. 1996;  334 952-957
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 50 Fontbonne A, Charles M A, Thibult N. et al . Hyperinsulinemia as a predictor of coronary heart disease mortality in healthy population: the Paris Prospective Study, 15-year follow-up.  Diabetologia. 1991;  34 356-361
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 51 Reunanen A, Heliovaara M, Aho K. Coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus.  Lancet. 2003;  361 702-703
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 52 Saremi A, Tulloch-Reid M, Knowler W C. Coffee consumption and the incidence of type 2 diabetes.  Diabetes Care. 2003;  7 2211-2212
    PubMedGoogle Scholar

Dr. Siamak Bidel

Diabetes and Genetic Epidemiology Unit · Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion · National Public Health Institute

Mannerheimintie 166 · FIN-00300 Helsinki, Finland

Phone: +358 (9) 47 44 86 06

Fax: +358 (9) 47 44 83 38

Email: siamak.bidel@ktl.fi

      >