Synlett 2005(18): 2832-2834  
DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-918933
LETTER
© Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York

Zinc-Mediated Synthesis of Tertiary Alkyl Selenides from Tertiary Alkyl Halides

Alain Krief*a, Michel Derocka,b, Damien Lacroixa,b
a Laboratoire de Chimie Organique de Synthèse, Facultés Universitaires N.-D. de la Paix, 61 rue de Bruxelles, Namur 5000, Belgium
Fax: +32(0)81724536; e-Mail: alain.krief@fundp.ac.be;
b Fonds pour la Formation à la Recherche dans l’Industrie et l’Agriculture, 5 rue d’Egmont, Bruxelles 1000, Belgium
Further Information

Publication History

Received 28 July 2005
Publication Date:
12 October 2005 (online)

Abstract

Diorganyl selenides are efficiently synthesized from ­tertiary alkyl halides, selenols or selenolates and zinc dibromide as well as from diselenides in the presence of zinc.

    References

  • 1 Clarembeau M. Krief A. Tetrahedron Lett.  1984,  25:  3625 
  • 2a

    This reaction produces, besides phenyl 1-adamantyl selenide (62%), diphenyl selenide (13%) as well as di(1-adamantyl) selenide (14%).

  • 2b Palacios SM. Alonso RA. Rossi RA. Tetrahedron  1985,  41:  4147 
  • 2c

    Phenyl 1-adamantyl selenide has also been synthesized in poor yield via an SH2 process from adamantane-1-carboxylic acid, lead tetracetate and diphenyl selenide, [2d] or in good yield from 1-adamantyl trifluoroacetate and phenyl selenol. [2d]

  • 2d Perkins J. Turner ES. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun.  1981,  139 
  • 3a Ranu BC. Mandal T. Samanta S. Org. Lett.  2003,  5:  1439 
  • 3b Ranu BC. Mandal T. J. Org. Chem.  2004,  69:  5793 
  • 4 Carey FA. Sunberg RJ. In Advanced Organic Chemistry   Parts A and B:  Kluwer Academic Plenum Publishers; New York: 2000. 
  • 5a

    A solution of 2-bromo-2-methyl-undecane (1.24 g, 5 mmol) in anhyd CH2Cl2 (3 mL) was added at r.t., to a suspension of zinc (327 mg, 5 mmol) and diphenyldiselenide (780 mg, 2.5 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (2 mL). The suspension was stirred at r.t. for 5 h. Then, H2O (10 mL) was added and the mixture wasextracted with Et2O (3 × 25 mL) and washed with H2O (3 × 20 mL). The ether layer was dried by MgSO4 and evaporated to give an oily residue, which on purification by column chromatography (SiO2, pentane) afforded pure 2-methyl-2-phenylseleno undecane: 1.42 g, 4.37 mmol, 87% yield.

  • 5b

    Spectroscopic data: IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR, MS agree with the proposed structures. Microanalyses of novel compounds agree with the calculated values.

  • 6a Miller JA. Tetrahedron Lett.  1975,  2959 
  • 6b Anandaraman S. Gurudutt KN. Nataradjan CP. Ravindranath B. Tetrahedron Lett.  1980,  21:  2189 
  • 6c Gurudutt KN. Ravindranath B. Srinivas P. Tetrahedron  1982,  38:  1843 
  • 6d Ravindranath B. Srinivas P. Tetrahedron  1984,  40:  1623 
  • 6e Gurudutt KN. Rao S. Srinivas P. Srinivas S. Tetrahedron  1995,  51:  3045 
  • 6f Gurudutt KN. Rao S. Srinivas P. Indian J. Chem., Sect. B: Org. Chem. Incl. Med. Chem.  1991,  30:  343 
  • 7 Bieber LW. de Sa ACPF. Menezes PH. Gonçalves SMC. Tetrahedron Lett.  2001,  42:  4597 
  • 8 Movassagh B. Shamsipoor M. Synlett  2005,  121 ; and references cited therein
  • 9 Nishino T. Okoda M. Kuroki T. Watanabe T. Nishiyama Y. Sonoda N. J. Org. Chem.  2002,  67:  8696 
  • 10a Rheinboldt H. Schwefel-, Selen-, Tellur-Verbindungen, In Methoden der organische Chemie (Houben-Weyl)   Vol. 9:  Müller E. Georg Thieme; Stuttgart: 1967. 
  • 10b Organic Selenium Compounds: Their Chemistry and Biology   Klayman DL. Gunther WHH. John Wiley and Sons; Chichester: 1973. 
  • 10c Paulmier C. In Selenium Reagents and Intermediates in Organic Synthesis   Vol. 5:  Baldwin JE. Pergamon; Oxford: 1986. 
  • 10d The Chemistry of Organic Selenium and Tellurium Compounds   Vol. 2:  Patai S. Rappoport Z. John Wiley and Sons; Chichester: 1987. 
  • 10e Krief A. Hevesi L. In Organoselenium Chemistry   Vol. 1:  Springer Verlag; Berlin: 1988. 
  • 10f Krief A. In Comprehensive Organometallic Chemistry II   Vol. 11:  Abel EW. Stone FGA. Wilkinson G. McKillop A. Pergamon; Oxford: 1995.  p.516 
  • 10g Gladysz JA. Hornby JL. Garbe J. J. Org. Chem.  1978,  43:  1204 
11

As pointed out by a referee ‘an apparent similar reaction was reported recently in the same journal’. [8] The reaction proceeds in polar solvent and has a completely different outcome than that reported in this paper: in MeCN-H2O it gives a different result, demonstrating no significant reaction with tertiary alkyl halides and facile reaction with primary and secondary halides. We are working in order to understand this spectacular solvent effect; less basic solvents usually favor SN1-type reaction.