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DOI: 10.1055/s-2001-18366
Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York
Rauchen während der Schwangerschaft oder niedriger Sozialstatus. Welches ist das größere Risiko für ein geringes Geburtsgewicht?
Untersuchung mit den Daten der MAS-90-Studie (multizentrische Allergiestudie, 1990)Smoking During Pregnancy or Low Social Status - Which is the Better Predictor for Low Birth Weight?Publication History
Publication Date:
09 November 2001 (online)
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Zusammenfassung
Fragestellung
Die Rauchprävalenz von Schwangeren hängt vom Sozialstatus ab. Welchen Einfluss haben intrauterine Tabakexposition und Sozialstatus auf das Geburtsgewicht?
Material und Methodik
Es wurden hierzu die Daten der multizentrischen Allergiestudie von 1990 herangezogen, welche prospektiv in 4 Universitätskliniken und 2 städtischen Krankenhäusern der Bundesrepublik-West durch Fragebogen erhoben wurden. Es konnten 5395 (71 %) im Jahr 1990 geborene Neugeborene und deren Mütter in die Analyse eingeschlossen werden. Die Auswertung erfolgte mittels bivariater und multivariater linearer Regressionsanalyse.
Ergebnisse
28,6 % der befragten Frauen rauchten während der Schwangerschaft. Die Neugeborenen von Frauen mit niedriger Bildung hatten ein niedrigeres Geburtsgewicht als die Neugeborenen von Frauen mit höherer Bildung (p = 0,06). Dieser Effekt wurde verstärkt, wenn die Mütter während der Schwangerschaft geraucht hatten (p < 0,001).
Schlussfolgerung
In Deutschland scheinen die Auswirkungen eines niedrigeren Bildungsstandes auf das Geburtsgewicht geringer zu sein als die der vermeidbaren Einflussgröße Rauchen.
Abstract
Background and Purpose
Smoking prevalence during pregnancy usually depends on social status. Our aim was to evaluate the influence of intrauterine tobacco exposure and social status on birth weight.
Material and Methods
The investigation is based on data from a prospective multicenter atopy study (MAS90) carried out in four University hospitals and two municipal hospitals in Western Germany. We included 5395 (71 %) newborn babies delivered in 1990 and their mothers. Data was supplied by a questionnaire, taken during the first week after childbirth, and analysed using both bivariate and multivariate linear regression.
Results
28.6 % of the interviewed women smoked during pregnancy. Newborns of women with lower educational status weighed less than those of women with higher educational status (p = 0.06). This difference became statistically significant (p < 0.001) in cases were the mother smoked during pregnancy.
Conclusion
In Western Germany the influence of the educational level of pregnant women on their babies' birth weight seems to be smaller than the impact of smoking.
Schlüsselwörter
Rauchen während der Schwangerschaft - Geburtsgewicht - Sozialstatus
Key words
Smoking during pregnancy - Birth weight - Social status
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Constanze Hanna Schaffer
Klinik für Geburtsmedizin, Charité, Campus Virchow-Klinikum
Augustenburger Platz 1
13353 Berlin
Email: constanze.schaffer@charite.de