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Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2001; 3(1): 77-87
DOI: 10.1055/s-2001-11747
Original Paper
Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart ·New York

Phylogenetic Analyses of Aurantioideae (Rutaceae) Based on Non-Coding Plastid DNA Sequences and Phytochemical Features

R. Samuel 1 , F. Ehrendorfer 1,2 , M. W. Chase 3 , H. Greger 4
  • 1 Department of Higher Plant Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Botany, University of Vienna, Austria
  • 2 Austrian Academy of Sciences, Commission for Interdisciplinary Ecological Research, Vienna, Austria
  • 3 Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK
  • 4 Department of Comparative and Ecological Phytochemistry, Institute of Botany, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
Further Information

Publication History

June 26, 2000

November 14, 2000

Publication Date:
31 December 2001 (online)

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Abstract

Sequences of the plastid DNA atpB/rbcL intergenic spacer and rps16 intron from 23 genera and 47 species of Rutaceae were used to resolve phylogenetic relationships in subfamily Aurantioideae. According to these, the subfamily is monophyletic, but its classical subdivision into tribes Clauseneae and Citreae is only justified if the genus Murraya s.s. (exclusive of the species segregated as Bergera, e.g., Murraya koenigii and M. siamensis) and Merrillia are transferred to Citreae s.l. This conclusion is also well supported by phytochemistry, demonstrating accumulation of carbazoles in Bergera and Clausena, and of 8-prenylated coumarins and polyoxygenated flavonoids in Murraya s.s. and Merrillia. Formation of both carbazoles, as well as 8-prenylated coumarins, and polyoxygenated flavonoids in Micromelum suggests relationships between Clauseneae s.s. and Citreae s.l. The monophyly of several larger genera in both tribes is supported by relatively high bootstrap percentages and specific chemical profiles for e.g., Clausena, Micromelum, Glycosmis and Atalantia. In contrast, molecular, chemical, and other data show that none of the subtribes recognized within Aurantioideae reflect phylogenetic relationships. Only the clades with Clausena + Bergera, Murraya s.s. + Merrillia, and Citrus + Clymenia + Eremocitrus + Fortunella + Poncirus (“true Citrus fruit trees”) are well supported by such data. Among the outgroup genera, Zanthoxylum (Rutoideae) and Toddalia (Toddalioideae) are much closer to each other than to Ruta (Rutoideae).

Key words

Aurantioideae - Citreae - Clauseneae - phylogenetics - phytochemistry - plastid DNA - Rutaceae

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R. Samuel

Department of Higher Plant Systematics and Evolution
Institute of Botany
University of Vienna

Rennweg 14
1030 Vienna
Austria

Email: samuel@sl.botanik.univie.ac.at

Section Editor: G. Gottsberger

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