Rehabilitation (Stuttg) 2000; 39(6): 324-337
DOI: 10.1055/s-2000-8940
ORIGINALARBEIT
© Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York

Soziale Integrationsförderung als Aufgabe der Rehabilitation in der pädiatrischen Onkologie

Th. Kroll1 , F. Petermann2
  • 1National Rehabilitation Hospital, Center for Health and Disability Research, Washington, D.C., USA
  • 2Zentrum für Rehabilitationsforschung, Abteilung für Klinische Psychologie, Universität Bremen
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
31 December 2000 (online)

Zusammenfassung.

Mit zunehmend besseren Langzeitprognosen von Krebserkrankungen des Kindes- und Jugendalters rücken vermehrt verzögert auftretende physische und psychosoziale Komplikationen in den Mittelpunkt des Forschungsinteresses. In diesem Beitrag werden soziale und schulische Integration als Schwerpunkte der pädiatrisch-onkologischen Rehabilitation vor dem Hintergrund eines erweiterten Rehabilitationsverständnisses beschrieben. Bisher existieren in Deutschland nur wenige standardisierte Programme zur Förderung der schulischen und sozialen Eingliederung. Voraussetzungen für die Entwicklung von Eingliederungsprogrammen werden diskutiert und Programmansätze skizziert.

Social Reintegration as a Rehabilitative Task in Paediatric Oncology.

Survival rates of most paediatric cancers are steadily improving as a result of improvements in diagnostics and treatment protocols. Long-term survival renders physical late effects and psychosocial adjustment problems ever more visible. The focus of this article is on school re-entry and social reintegration as core tasks of comprehensive rehabilitation efforts. So far only few systematic programmes exist in Germany to facilitate school re-entry and social integration of paediatric cancer survivors. The article outlines the prerequisites for such interventions and provides examples of re-entry programmes.

Literatur

  • 1 Achenbach T. Manual for the Child Behavior Checklist/4 - 18 and 1991 Profile. Burlington; University of Vermont 1993
  • 2 Allen R, Newman S P, Souhami R L. Anxiety and depression in adolescent cancer: findings in patients and parents at the time of diagnosis.  European Journal of Cancer. 1997;  33 ((8)) 1250-1255
  • 3 Andrews M, Wallis M. Mentorship in nursing: a literature review.  Journal of Advanced Nursing. 1999;  29 ((1)) 201-207
  • 4 Anholt U V, Fritz G K, Keener M. Self-concept in survivors of childhood and adolescent cancer.  Journal of Psychosocial Oncology. 1993;  11 ((1)) 1-16
  • 5 Aquino V M, Fort D W, Kamen B A. Carboplatin for the treatment of children with newly diagnosed optic chiasmgliomas: a phase II study.  Journal of Neurooncology. 1999;  41 ((3)) 255-259
  • 6 Argerakis G P. Psychosocial considerations of the post-treatment of head and neck cancer patients.  Dental Clinics of North America. 1990;  34 ((2)) 285-305
  • 7 Barondess J A. Mentoring in biomedicine.  Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine. 1997;  129 ((5)) 487-491
  • 8 Baysinger M, Heiney S P, Creed J M, Ettinger R S. A trajectory approach for education of the child/adolescent with cancer.  Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing. 1993;  10 ((4)) 133-138
  • 9 Blakeney P. School reintegration.  Journal of Burn Care and Rehabilitation. 1995;  16 ((2)) 180-187
  • 10 Bradford R. Children, families and chronic disease. London; Routledge 1997
  • 11 Bukowski W M, Sandberg D. Peer relationships and quality of life.  Acta Paediatrica. 1999;  88 ( Suppl (428)) 109
  • 12 Bundesarbeitsgemeinschaft für Rehabilitation .Positionspapier zur Weiterentwicklung der medizinischen, beruflichen und sozialen Rehabilitation in der 14. Legislaturperiode, beschlossen am 15.12.1998. Frankfurt/M; BAR 1999
  • 13 Chin D G, Schonfeld D J, O'Hare L L. et al . Elementary school-age children's developmental understanding of the causes of cancer.  Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics. 1998;  19 ((6)) 397-403
  • 14 Cleave H, Charlton A. Evaluation of a cancer-based coping and caring course used in three different settings.  Child Care Health and Development. 1997;  23 ((5)) 399-413
  • 15 Coie J D, Dodge K A, Coppotelli H. Dimensions and types of social status: A cross-age perspective.  Developmental Psychology. 1982;  18 557-570
  • 16 Cole Levy K, Roberts M C, McNeal R E. Children's perceptions of ill peers: effects of disease grade, and impact variables.  Children's Health Care. 1996;  25 ((2)) 107-116
  • 17 Dalley M B, Bolocofsky D N, Karlin N J. Teacher-ratings and self-ratings of social competency in adolescents with low- and high-depressive symptoms.  Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. 1994;  22 ((4)) 477-485
  • 18 Deasy-Spinetta P. School issues and the child with cancer.  Cancer. 1992;  71 ((10 Suppl)) 3261-3264
  • 19 Durkin K. Developmental social psychology: From infancy to old age. Oxford; Blackwell 1995
  • 20 Eiser C. Practioner review: long-term consequences of childhood cancer.  Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 1998;  39 (<(5)/IP>) 621-633
  • 21 Eiser C. Vorstellungen über Körperfunktionen und Krankheit bei Kindern. In: Seiffge-Krenke I (Hrsg) Krankheitsverarbeitung bei Kindern und Jugendlichen. (Jahrbuch der medizinischen Psychologie 4). Berlin; Springer 1990: 25-28
  • 22 Eiser C, Havermans T. Long term social adjustment after treatment for childhood cancer.  Archives of Diseases in Childhood. 1994;  70 66-70
  • 23 Ellerton M L, Turner C. „Back to school” - An evaluation of a reentry program for school-aged children with cancer.  Canadian Oncology Nursing Journal. 1992;  2 ((1)) 8-11
  • 24 Erwin P. Friendship and peer relations in children. Chichester; Wiley 1993
  • 25 Evans S E, Radford M. Current lifestyle of young adults treated for cancer in childhood.  Archives of Diseases in Childhood. 1995;  72 ((5)) 423-426
  • 26 Gallo A M, Breitmayer B J, Knafl K A, Zoeller H. Stigma in childhood chronic illness: A well sibling perspective.  Pediatric Nursing. 1991;  17 ((1)) 21-25
  • 27 Gemeinsame Rahmenempfehlung zur ambulanten und stationären Vorsorge und Rehabilitation. Reha-Info der BAR 1999 (4): 8-10
  • 28 Grovas A, Fremgen A, Rauck A. et al . The National Cancer Data Base report on patterns of childhood cancers in the United States.  Cancer. 1997;  80 ((12)) 2321-2332
  • 29 Häberle H, Schwarz R, Mathes L. Familienorientierte Betreuung bei krebskranken Kindern und Jugendlichen.  Praxis der Kinderpsychologie und Kinderpsychiatrie. 1997;  46 ((6)) 405-419
  • 30 Hansen M C, Hayes P A. Integrating students into interdisciplinary teams: extending the caring circle.  Seminars for Nurse Managers. 1998;  6 ((4)) 214-218
  • 31 Harms D. Kieler Kindertumorregister.  Deutsches Ärzteblatt. 1996;  93 ((12)) A- 746-A- 756
  • 32 Hartup W W, French D C, Laursen B, Johnston K M, Ogawa J R. Conflict and friendship relations in middle childhood: Behavior in a closed-field situation.  Child Development. 1993;  64 445-454
  • 33 Hepler J B. Evaluating a social skills program for children with learning disabilities.  Social Work with Groups. 1997;  20 ((3)) 21-36
  • 34 Hill D E, Ciesielski K T, Sethre-Hofstad L, Duncan M H, Lorenzi M. Visual and verbal short-term memory deficits in childhood leukemia survivors after intrathecal chemotherapy.  Journal of Pediatric Psychology. 1997;  22 ((6)) 861-870
  • 35 Hokken-Koelega A C, Van Doorn J W, Hahlen K. et al . Long-term effects of treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia with and without cranial irradiation on growth and puberty: A comparative study.  Pediatric Research. 1993;  33 ((6)) 577-582
  • 36 Ilveskoski I, Saarinen U M, Wiklund T. et al . Growth impairment and growth hormone therapy in children treated for malignant brain tumours.  European Journal of Pediatrics. 1997;  156 ((10)) 764-769
  • 37 Jenkin D, Danjou C, Greenberg M. Subsequent quality of life for children irradiated for a brain tumor before age four years.  Medical and Pediatric Oncology. 1998;  31 ((6)) 506-511
  • 38 Kaatsch P, Kaletsch U, Spi C, Michaelis J. Jahresbericht des Deutschen Kinderkrebsregisters. Mainz; 1999
  • 39 Keengwe I N, Stansfield F, Eden O B, Nelhans N D, Dearlove O R, Sharples A. Paediatric oncology and intensive care treatments: changing trends.  Archives of Diseases in Childhood. 1999;  80 553-555
  • 40 Koomen W, Dijker A J. Ingroup and outgroup stereotypes and selective processing.  European Journal of Social Psychology. 1997;  27 589-601
  • 41 Kroll T. Soziale und schulische Integration von krebskranken Kindern und Jugendlichen. Berlin; dissertation.de Verlag im Internet 2000
  • 42 Krueger R A. Focus Group Kit 6: Analysing and reporting focus group results. London; Sage 1998
  • 43 Ladd G W, Kochenderfer B J, Coleman C C. Classroom acceptance, friendship, and victimization: Distinct relational systems that contribute uniquely to children's school adjustment?.  Child Development. 1997;  68 ((6)) 1181-1197
  • 44 LaMontagne L L, Wells N, Hepworth J T, Johnson B D, Manes R. Parent coping and child distress behaviors during invasive procedures for childhood cancer.  Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing. 1999;  16 ((1)) 3-12
  • 45 Levendosky A A, Okun A, Parker J G. Depression and maltreatment as predictors of social competence and social problem-solving skills in school-age children.  Child Abuse and Neglect. 1995;  19 ((10)) 1183-1195
  • 46 Lombardi F, Navarria P, Gandola L. The evolving role of radiation therapy in the optimal multimodality treatment of childhood cancer.  Tumori. 1998;  84 270-273
  • 47 Lovblad K, Kelkar P, Ozdoba C. et al . Pure methotrexate encephalopathy presenting with seizures: CT and MRI features.  Pediatric Radiology. 1998;  28 ((2)) 86-91
  • 48 McCarthy M, Williams J, Plumer C. Evaluation of a school re-entry nursing intervention for children with cancer.  Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing. 1998;  15 ((3)) 143-152
  • 49 Mott M G, Mann J R, Stiller C A. The United Kingdom Children's Cancer Study Group - the first 20 years of growth and development.  European Journal of Cancer. 1997;  33 ((9)) 1448-1452
  • 50 Mulhern R K. Neuropsychological late effects. In: Bearison DJ, Mulhern RK Pediatric Psychooncology. New York; Oxford University Press 1994: 99-121
  • 51 Nassau J H, Drotar D. Social competence among children with central nervous system-related chronic health conditions: a review.  Journal of Pediatric Psychology. 1997;  22 ((6)) 771-793
  • 52 National Center for Education Statistics .Internet access in U.S. public schools and classrooms: 1994 - 1999. Washington, D.C.; U.S. Department of Education 2000
  • 53 Neglia J. P. Late effects of treatment in children with cancer.  Seminars in Pediatric Surgery. 1993;  2 ((1)) 29-36
  • 54 Newcomb A F, Bukowski W M. A longitudinal study of the utility of social preference and social impact sociometric classification schemes.  Child Development. 1984;  55 1434-1447
  • 55 Noeker M, Petermann F. Interventionsverfahren bei chronisch kranken Kindern und deren Familien. In: Petermann F (Hrsg) Lehrbuch der Klinischen Kinderpsychologie und -psychotherapie. Göttingen; Hogrefe 1999
  • 56 Noll R B, Bukowski W M, Hobart Davies W, Koontz K, Kulkarni R. Adjustment in the peer system of adolescents with cancer: A two-year study.  Journal of Pediatric Psychology. 1993;  18 ((3)) 351-364
  • 57 Oeffinger K C, Eshelman D A, Tomlinson G E, Buchanan G R. Programs for adult survivors of childhood cancer.  Journal of Clinical Oncology. 1998;  16 ((8)) 2864-2867
  • 58 Parker J G, Asher S R. Friendship and friendship quality in middle childhood: Links with peer group acceptance and feelings of loneliness and social dissatisfaction.  Developmental Psychology. 1993;  29 611-621
  • 59 Petermann F, Kroll T. Psychosoziale Folgen bei Krebserkrankungen im Kindes- und Jugendalter.  Kindheit und Entwicklung. 1996;  5 ((4)) 209-214
  • 60 Petermann F, Kroll T, Schwarz B. Familienorientierte Rehabilitation krebskranker Kinder. Frankfurt/M; Peter Lang 1994
  • 61 Petermann U, Petermann F. Training mit sozial unsicheren Kindern. Weinheim; PVU 1996
  • 62 Pyke-Grimm K A, Degner L, Small A, Mueller B. Preferences for participation in treatment decision making and information needs of parents of children with cancer: a pilot study.  Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing. 1999;  16 ((1)) 13-24
  • 63 Ragins B R, Cotton J L. Mentor functions and outcomes: A comparison of men and women in formal and informal mentoring relationships.  Journal of Applied Psychology. 1999;  84 ((4)) 529-550
  • 64 Ries L A, Wingo P A, Miller D S. et al . The annual report to the nation on the status of cancer, 1973 - 1997, with a special section on colorectal cancer.  Cancer. 2000;  88 ((10)) 2398-2424
  • 65 Ris M D, Noll R B. Long-term neurobehavioral outcome in pediatric brain tumor patients: review and methodological critique.  Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology. 1994;  16 ((1)) 21-42
  • 66 Rynard D W, Chambers A, Klinck A M, Gray J D. School support programs for chronically ill children: Evaluating the adjustment of children with cancer at school.  Children's Health Care. 1998;  27 ((1)) 31-46
  • 67 Sandberg D E, Ognibene T C, Brook A E. et al . Academic outcomes among children and adolescents receiving growth hormone therapy.  Children's Health Care. 1998;  27 ((4)) 265-281
  • 68 Santilli L E, Roberts M C. Children's perceptions of ill peers as a function of illness conceptualization and attributions of responsibility: AIDS as a paradigm.  Journal of Pediatric Psychology. 1993;  18 ((2)) 193-207
  • 69 Schwartz C. L. Long-term survivors of childhood cancer: the late effects of therapy.  Oncologist. 1999;  4 ((1)) 45-54
  • 70 Seiffge-Krenke I, Boeger A, Schmidt C, Kollmar F, Floss A, Roth M. Chronisch kranke Jugendliche und ihre Familien: Belastungen, Bewältigung und psychosoziale Folgen. Stuttgart; Kohlhammer 1996
  • 71 Shelby M D, Nagle R J, Barnett-Queen L L, Quattlebaum P D, Wuori D F. Parental reports of psychosocial adjustment and social competence in child survivors of acute lymphocytic leukemia.  Children's Health Care. 1998;  27 ((2)) 113-129
  • 72 Sipe C L, Roder A E. Mentoring school-age children: A classification of programs. Washington D.C.; U.S. Department of Education, Office of Educational Research and Improvement 1999
  • 73 Socialstyrelsen Centre for Epidemiology .Cancer incidence in Sweden 1997. Annual Report. Stockholm; 1999
  • 74 Spirito A, Stark L J, Cobiella C, Drigan R, Androkites A, Hewett K. Social adjustment of children successfully treated for cancer.  Journal of Pediatric Psychology. 1990;  15 ((3)) 359-371
  • 75 Stangor C, McMillan D. Memory for expectancy-congruent and expectancy-incongruent information: A review of the social and social developmental literatures.  Psychological Bulletin. 1992;  111 100-117
  • 76 Statens helsetilsyn. Veileder i habilitering av barn og unge. Oslo; 1997
  • 77 Suh D W, Ruttum M S, Stuckenschneider B J, Mieler W F, Kivlin J D. Ocular findings after bone marrow transplantation in a pediatric population.  Ophthalmology. 1999;  106 ((8)) 1564-1570
  • 78 Varni J W, Katz E R. Stress, social support and negative affectivity in children with newly diagnosed cancer: a prospective transactional analysis.  Psychooncology. 1997;  6 ((4)) 267-278
  • 79 Varni J W, Setoguchi Y. Correlates of perceived physical appearance in children with congenital/acquired limb deficiencies.  Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics. 1991;  12 ((3)) 171-176
  • 80 Varni J W, Katz E R, Colegrove Jr  R, Dolgin M. Family functioning predictors of adjustment in children with newly diagnosed cancer: A prospective analysis.  Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 1996;  37 ((3)) 321-328
  • 81 Varni J W, Katz E R, Colegrove Jr R, Dolgin M. The impact of social skills training on the adjustment of children with newly diagnosed cancer.  Journal of Pediatric Psychology. 1993;  18 ((6)) 751-767
  • 82 Varni J W, Katz E R, Colegrove R, Dolgin M. Adjustment of children with newly diagnosed cancer: Cross-informant variance.  Journal of Psychosocial Oncology. 1995;  13 ((4)) 23-37
  • 83 Walters E. Problems faced by children and families living with visible differences. In: Lansdown R, Rumsey N, Bradbury E, Carr T, Partridge J (Hrsg) Visibly different: Coping with disfigurement. Oxford; Butterworth & Heinemann 1997: 112-120
  • 84 Weitzman M. School and peer relations.  Pediatric Clinics of North America. 1984;  31 59-60
  • 85 Wendt A, Petermann F, Rölver K M, Schidlmeier A, Hanke U. Soziale Kompetenz in Beruf und Alltag: Ein intensives Gruppentraining für Typ-I-Diabetiker. In: Petermann F (Hrsg) Patientenschulung und Patientenberatung. Ein Lehrbuch. 2., vollständig überarb. u. erw. Aufl. Göttingen; Hogrefe 1997: 263-279
  • 86 Winker M A. et al . Guidelines for medical health information sites on the Internet: Principles governing AMA web sites.  Journal of the American Medical Association. 2000;  238 ((12)) 1600-1606
  • 87 Wiedebusch S. Krankheitskonzepte von Kindern und Jugendlichen mit juveniler chronischer Arthritis. Dissertation. Göttingen; Hogrefe 1992

1 Anm.: Es ist durchaus möglich, dass in einzelnen Einrichtungen jährlich mehr als die angegebene Zahl der Kinder behandelt, diese jedoch nicht dem Deutschen Kinderkrebsregister gemeldet wurden.

Dr. Thilo Kroll

National Rehabilitation Hospital Center for Health and Disability Research

1016 16th Street, N.W., 4th> Floor

Washington, D.C.

USA

Email: txk6@mhg.edu

Prof. Dr. Franz Petermann

Zentrum für Reha-Forschung Abteilung für Klinische Psychologie Universität Bremen

Grazer Straße 6

28359 Bremen

Email: Fpeterm@uni-bremen.de