JAAA CEU Program

The questions on this page refer to Jedlicka and Zhen, “PTSD is Associated with Self-Perceived Hearing Handicap: An Evaluation of Comorbidities in Veterans Without Measured Hearing Loss,” pages 183–191.

Learner Outcomes

Readers of this article should be able to:

• Identify comorbidities that may influence self-perception of hearing loss among Veterans with audiometric configurations that do not identify any measurable hearing loss.

• Consider the implementation of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) screenings for individuals with suspected self-perceived hearing loss despite no measured hearing loss.

CEU Questions

1. Compared to a non-Veteran control group, blastexposed Veterans with PTSD demonstrate:

   • Worse auditory selective attention

   • Better auditory selective attention

   • Similar auditory selective attention

2. The Hearing Handicap Inventory Score for Adults (HHIA) questionnaire indicates:

   • Veterans with self-perceived hearing handicap have significantly higher HHIA scores, indicating a higher level of self-perceived hearing difficulties compared to Veterans without self-perceived hearing handicap.

   • Veterans with self-perceived hearing handicap have significantly lower HHIA scores, indicating a lower level of self-perceived hearing difficulties compared to Veterans without self-perceived hearing handicap.

   • Veterans with self-perceived hearing handicap have no difference in HHIA scores compared to Veterans without self-perceived hearing handicap.

3. The most common health condition among Veterans with self-perceived hearing handicap is:

   • Anxiety

   • Depression

   • Tinnitus

4. The health observation that was not significantly different between Veterans with self-perceived hearing handicap and Veterans without self-perceived hearing handicap is:

   • Hypervigilance

   • Anger

   • Tobacco use

5. The only two prevalent health conditions (occurring in more than 33.3% of subjects among Veterans without self-perceived hearing handicap) are:

   • Insomnia and lower back pain

   • Tinnitus and musculoskeletal

   • Anxiety and depression

6. A linear regression to determine the association between HHIA score and the number of documented health conditions found:

   • A weakly positive linear relationship

   • A weakly negative linear relationship

   • No relationship

7. The health condition that was the most prevalent in the self-perceived hearing handicap and control groups is:

   • Traumatic brain injury (TBI)

   • Sleep apnea

   • Tinnitus

8. The largest grouping of prevalent comorbidities among Veterans with self-perceived hearing handicap without hearing loss were in the domain of:

   • Traumatic brain injury (TBI)

   • Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

   • Musculoskeletal issues

9. The limitation of identifying mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) in retrospective chart review studies is:

   • mTBI is generally poorly diagnosed and reported.

   • There are no measures to diagnose mTBI in the Veteran population.

   • Previous research found there is no correlation between mTBI and self-perceived hearing handicap.

10. Individuals with fibromyalgia are:

    • 4.5 times more likely to report subjective hearing losses.

    • 4.5 times less likely to report subjective hearing losses.

    • Found to have similar reports of subjective hearing losses compared to those without fibromyalgia.

Publication History

Article published online:
12 December 2024