Download PDF
Int J Sports Med 2017; 38(1): 41-47
DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-115033
Training & Testing
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Electrostimulation Training Effects on diurnal Fluctuations of Neuromuscular Performance

H. Gueldich
1   Research Unit: “Education, Motricity, Sports and Health” (UR 15JS01), Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
,
N. Zarrouk
1   Research Unit: “Education, Motricity, Sports and Health” (UR 15JS01), Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
2   Research Laboratory: “Medical Imaging Technologies” (LR 12ES06, TIM), Faculty of Medicine of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
,
H. Chtourou
1   Research Unit: “Education, Motricity, Sports and Health” (UR 15JS01), Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
,
F. Zghal
3   Laboratoire Adaptations Métabolique à l’Exercice en Conditions Physiologiques et Pathologiques (AME2P, EA 3533), Université Blaise Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand, France
,
S. Sahli
1   Research Unit: “Education, Motricity, Sports and Health” (UR 15JS01), Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
,
H. Rebai
1   Research Unit: “Education, Motricity, Sports and Health” (UR 15JS01), Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History



accepted after revision 01 August 2016

Publication Date:
28 October 2016 (online)

Also available at
    Permissions and Reprints

Abstract

This study examined the effects of electrostimulation (ES) strength training at the same time-of-day on the diurnal fluctuations of maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVIC) and surface electromyography (EMG). 20 male performed 3 MVICs of knee extension coupled with surface EMG before and after 5 weeks of 3 ES training sessions per week. Each ES training session consisted in 45 isometric contractions. The participants were randomly assigned to either a morning (MTG, 07:00–08:00 h) or an evening (ETG, 17:00–18:00 h) training group. Both groups performed the evaluation tests at 07:00 and 17:00 h. Before ES training, MVIC was significantly higher in the evening compared to the morning for all groups, but there was no significant difference between groups for all EMG parameters. After the ES training, the diurnal variations in MVIC were blunted in the MTG and persisted in the ETG. Significant time-of-day effect was noticed for all EMG parameters but there was no group effect. The elimination of the diurnal fluctuations of MVIC and the appearance of EMG variations by training in the morning hours suggest that neural adaptations are the main source of temporal specificity of neuromuscular performance after ES strength training.

Key words

diurnal fluctuations - time-of-day-specific training - electrostimulation - neuromuscular performances
 

  • References

  • 1 Basmajian De Luca 5th ed. Muscles alive: Their functions reveled by electromyography. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins; 1985
    Google Scholar
  • 2 Blonc S, Perrot S, Racinais S, Aussepe S, Hue O. Effects of 5 weeks of training at the same time of day on the diurnal variation of maximal muscle power performance. J Strength Cond Res 2010; 24: 23-29
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 3 Bowman BR, Baker LL. Effects of waveform parameters on comfort during transcutaneous neuromuscular electrical stimulation. Ann Biomed Eng 1985; 13: 59-74
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 4 Brocherie F, Babault N, Cometti G, Maffiuletti N, Chatard JC. Electrostimulation training effects on the physical performance of ice hockey players. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2005; 37: 455-460
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 5 Callard D, Davenne D, Gauthier A, Lagarde D, Van Hoecke J. Circadian rhythms in human muscular efficiency: continuous physical exercise versus continuous rest. A crossover study. Chronobiol Int 2000; 17: 693-704
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 6 Castaingts V, Martin A, Van Hoecke J, Perot C. Neuromuscular efficiency of the triceps surae in induced and voluntary contractions: morning and evening evaluations. Chronobiol Int 2004; 21: 631-643
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 7 Chtourou H, Chaouachi A, Driss T, Dogui M, Behm DG, Chamari K, Souissi N. The effect of training at the same time of day and tapering period on the diurnal variation of short exercise performances. J Strength Cond Res 2012; 26: 697-708
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 8 Chtourou H, Driss T, Souissi S, Gam A, Chaouachi A, Souissi N. The effect of strength training at the same time of the day on the diurnal fluctuations of muscular anaerobic performances. J Strength Cond Res 2012; 26: 217-225
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 9 Chtourou H, Hammouda O, Aloui A, Souissi N. Effect of time-of-day on muscle fatigue: a review. J Nov Physiother 2013; 3: 160
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 10 Chtourou H, Hammouda O, Souissi N, Chaouachi A. Temporal specificity of training: an update. J Athl Enhancement 2014; 3: 90-100
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 11 Chtourou H, Souissi N. The effect of training at a specific time-of-day: a review. J Strength Cond Res 2012; 26: 1984-2005
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 12 Chtourou H, Zarrouk N, Chaouachi A, Dogui M, Behm DG, Chamari K, Hug F, Souissi N. Diurnal variation in Wingate-test performance and associated electromyographic parameters. Chronobiol Int 2011; 28: 706-713
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 13 Colson S, Martin A, Cometti G, Van Hoecke J. Re-examination of training by electrostimulation in human elbow musculoskeletal system. Int J Sports Med 2000; 21: 281-288
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 14 Dehail P, Duclos C, Barat M. Electrical stimulation and muscle strengthening. Ann Readapt Med Phys 2008; 51: 441-441
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 15 Deschenes MR, Giles JA, McCoy RW, Volek JS, Gomez AL, Kraemer WJ. Neural factors account for strength decrements observed after shortterm muscle unloading. Am J Physiol 2002; 282: 578-583
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 16 Gauthier A, Davenne D, Martin A, Cometti G, Van Hoecke J. Diurnal rhythm of the muscular performance of elbow flexors during isometric contractions. Chronobiol Int 1996; 13: 135-146
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 17 Gondin J, Brocca L, Bellinzona E, D’Antona G, Maffiuletti NA, Miotti D, Pellegrino MA, Bottinelli R. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation training induces atypical adaptations of the human skeletal muscle phenotype: a functional and proteomic analysis. J Appl Physiol 2011; 110: 433-450
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 18 Gondin J, Guette M, Ballay Y, Martin A. Electromyostimulation training effects on neural drive and muscle architecture. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2005; 37: 1291-1299
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 19 Guette M, Gondin J, Martin A. Time-of-day effect on the torque and neuromuscular properties of dominant and non-dominant quadriceps femoris. Chronobiol Int 2005; 22: 541-558
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 20 Hainaut K, Duchateau J. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation and voluntary exercise. Sports Med 1992; 14: 100-103
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 21 Harriss DJ, Atkinson G. Ethical standards in sports and exercise science research: 2016 update. Int J Sports Med 2015; 36: 1121-1124
    Google Scholar
  • 22 Horne JA, Ostberg O. A self-assessment questionnaire to determine morningness-eveningness in human circadian rhythms. Int J Chronobiol 1976; 4: 97-110
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 23 Hortobágyi T, Maffiuletti NA. Neural adaptations to electrical stimulation strength training. Eur J Appl Physiol 2011; 111: 2439 -2449
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 24 Hug F. Can muscle coordination be precisely studied by surfaceelectromyography?. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2011; 21: 1-12
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 25 Hug F, Dorel S. Electromyographic analysis of pedalling: A review. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2009; 19: 182-198
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 26 Maffiuletti NA, Cometti G, Amiridis IG, Martin A, Pousson M, Chatard JC. The effects of electromyostimulation training and basketball practice on muscle strength and jumpin ability. Int J Sports Med 2000; 21: 437-443
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 27 Maffiuletti NA, Pensini M, Martin A. Activation of human plantar flexor muscles increases after electromyostimulation training. J Appl Physiol 2002; 92: 1383-1392
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 28 Maffiuletti NA, Pensini M, Scaglioni G, Ferri A, Ballay Y, Martin A. Effect of electromyostimulation training on soleus and gastrocnemii H- and T-reflex properties. Eur J Appl Physiol 2003; 90: 601-607
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 29 Martin A, Carpentier A, Guissard N, Van Hoecke J, Duchateau J. Effect of time of day on force variation in a human muscle. Muscle Nerve 1999; 22: 1380-1387
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 30 Martin L, Cometti G, Pousson M, Morlon B. Effect of electrical stimulation on the contractile characteristics of the triceps surae muscle. Eur J Appl Physiol 1993; 67: 457-461
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 31 Minetto MA, Botter A, Bottinelli O, Miotti D, Bottinelli R, D’Antona G. Variability in muscle adaptation to electrical stimulation. Int J Sports Med 2013; 34: 544-553
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 32 Nicolas A, Gauthier A, Bessot N, Moussay S, Davenne D. Time-of-day effects on myoelectric and mechanical properties of muscle during maximal and prolonged isokinetic exercise. Chronobiol Int 2005; 22: 997-1011
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 33 Nicolas A, Gauthier A, Michaut A, Davenne D. Effect of circadian rhythm of neuromuscular properties on muscle fatigue during concentric and eccentric isokinetic actions. Isokin Exerc Sci 2007; 15: 117-129
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 34 Racinais S, Blonc S, Jonville S, Hue O. Time of day influences the environmental effects on muscle force and contractility. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2005; 37: 256-261
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 35 Sedliak M, Finni T, Cheng S, Lind M, Häkkinen K. Effect of time-of-day-specific strength training on muscular hypertrophy in men. J Strength Cond Res 2009; 23: 2451-2457
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 36 Sedliak M, Finni T, Peltonen J, Häkkinen K. Effect of time-of-day-specific strength training on maximum strength and EMG activity of the leg extensors in men. J Sports Sci 2008; 26: 1005-1014
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 37 Sedliak M, Finni T, Sulin C, Kraemer WJ, Häkkinen K. Effect of time-of-day-specific strength training on serum hormone concentrations and isometric strength in men. Chronobiol Int 2007; 24: 1159-1177
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 38 Smith GV, Alon G, Roys SR, Gullapalli RP. Functional MRI determination of a dose-response relationship to lower extremity neuromuscular electrical stimulation. Exp Brain Res 2003; 150: 33-39
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 39 Souissi H, Chtourou H, Chaouachi A, Chamari K, Souissi N, Amri M. Time-of-day effects on EMG parameters during the Wingate test in boys. J Sports Sci Med 2012; 11: 380-386
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 40 Souissi N, Gauthier A, Sesboüé B, Larue J, Davenne D. Effects of regular training at the same time of day on diurnal fluctuations in muscular performance. J Sports Sci 2002; 20: 929-937
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 41 Zarrouk N, Chtourou H, Zarrouk I, Rebai H, Tabka Z, Dogui M. Diurnal variations of swim performances: Effect of water temperature. Sci Sports 2012; 27: 101-106
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar