Semin intervent Radiol 2013; 30(01): 039-048
DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1333652
Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

Transhepatic Therapies for Metastatic Uveal Melanoma

David J. Eschelman
1   Thomas Jefferson University Hospital
2   Division of Interventional Radiology
3   Department of Radiology
,
Carin F. Gonsalves
1   Thomas Jefferson University Hospital
2   Division of Interventional Radiology
3   Department of Radiology
,
Takami Sato
4   Department of Medical Oncology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
27 February 2013 (online)

Abstract

Despite successful treatment of the primary tumor, uveal melanoma has a propensity to metastasize to the liver. Prognosis is poor due to the very aggressive nature of these tumors. Because systemic therapies are relatively ineffective and patient survival correlates to disease control in the liver, locoregional therapies provide a means of prolonging survival. We review various techniques including chemoembolization, immunoembolization, radioembolization, arterial fotemustine infusion, and hepatic perfusion for the treatment of liver metastases from uveal melanoma.

 
  • References

  • 1 Singh AD, Turell ME, Topham AK. Uveal melanoma: trends in incidence, treatment, and survival. Ophthalmology 2011; 118 (9) 1881-1885
  • 2 Sato T. Locoregional management of hepatic metastasis from primary uveal melanoma. Semin Oncol 2010; 37 (2) 127-138
  • 3 Shields CL, Shields JA. Ocular melanoma: relatively rare but requiring respect. Clin Dermatol 2009; 27 (1) 122-133
  • 4 Shields CL, Furuta M, Thangappan A , et al. Metastasis of uveal melanoma millimeter-by-millimeter in 8033 consecutive eyes. Arch Ophthalmol 2009; 127 (8) 989-998
  • 5 Damato B, Coupland SE. A reappraisal of the significance of largest basal diameter of posterior uveal melanoma. Eye (Lond) 2009; 23 (12) 2152-2160; quiz 2161–2162
  • 6 van den Bosch T, van Beek JGM, Vaarwater J , et al. Higher percentage of FISH-determined monosomy 3 and 8q amplification in uveal melanoma cells relate to poor patient prognosis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2012; 53 (6) 2668-2674
  • 7 Prescher G, Bornfeld N, Hirche H, Horsthemke B, Jöckel KH, Becher R. Prognostic implications of monosomy 3 in uveal melanoma. Lancet 1996; 347 (9010) 1222-1225
  • 8 Onken MD, Worley LA, Char DH , et al. Collaborative Ocular Oncology Group report number 1: prospective validation of a multi-gene prognostic assay in uveal melanoma. Ophthalmology 2012; 119 (8) 1596-1603
  • 9 Kolata G. A game changer in revealing a cancer's prognosis. New York Times, July 9, 2012
  • 10 Spagnolo F, Caltabiano G, Queirolo P. Uveal melanoma. Cancer Treat Rev 2012; 38 (5) 549-553
  • 11 Hsueh EC, Essner R, Foshag LJ, Ye X, Wang HJ, Morton DL. Prolonged survival after complete resection of metastases from intraocular melanoma. Cancer 2004; 100 (1) 122-129
  • 12 Aoyama T, Mastrangelo MJ, Berd D , et al. Protracted survival after resection of metastatic uveal melanoma. Cancer 2000; 89 (7) 1561-1568
  • 13 Bedikian AY, Legha SS, Mavligit G , et al. Treatment of uveal melanoma metastatic to the liver: a review of the M. D. Anderson Cancer Center experience and prognostic factors. Cancer 1995; 76 (9) 1665-1670
  • 14 Carrasco CH, Wallace S, Charnsangavej C, Papadopoulos NEJ, Patt YZ, Mavligit GM. Treatment of hepatic metastases in ocular melanoma. Embolization of the hepatic artery with polyvinyl sponge and cisplatin. JAMA 1986; 255 (22) 3152-3154
  • 15 Mavligit GM, Charnsangavej C, Carrasco CH, Patt YZ, Benjamin RS, Wallace S. Regression of ocular melanoma metastatic to the liver after hepatic arterial chemoembolization with cisplatin and polyvinyl sponge. JAMA 1988; 260 (7) 974-976
  • 16 Sato T, Nathan FE, Berd D, Sullivan K, Mastrangelo MJ. Lack of effect from chemoembolization for liver metastasis from uveal melanoma. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 1995; 14: 415
  • 17 Patel K, Sullivan K, Berd D , et al. Chemoembolization of the hepatic artery with BCNU for metastatic uveal melanoma: results of a phase II study. Melanoma Res 2005; 15 (4) 297-304
  • 18 Monsky WL, Kim I, Loh S , et al. Semiautomated segmentation for volumetric analysis of intratumoral Ethiodol uptake and subsequent tumor necrosis after chemoembolization. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2010; 195 (5) 1220-1230
  • 19 Vogl T, Eichler K, Zangos S , et al. Preliminary experience with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) in liver metastases of uveal malignant melanoma: local tumor control and survival. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2007; 133 (3) 177-184
  • 20 Sharma KV, Gould JE, Harbour JW , et al. Hepatic arterial chemoembolization for management of metastatic melanoma. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2008; 190 (1) 99-104
  • 21 Dayani PN, Gould JE, Brown DB, Sharma KV, Linette GP, Harbour JW. Hepatic metastasis from uveal melanoma: angiographic pattern predictive of survival after hepatic arterial chemoembolization. Arch Ophthalmol 2009; 127 (5) 628-632
  • 22 Cantore M, Fiorentini G, Aitini E , et al. Intra-arterial hepatic carboplatin-based chemotherapy for ocular melanoma metastatic to the liver. Report of a phase II study. Tumori 1994; 80 (1) 37-39
  • 23 Huppert PE, Fierlbeck G, Pereira P , et al. Transarterial chemoembolization of liver metastases in patients with uveal melanoma. Eur J Radiol 2010; 74 (3) e38-e44
  • 24 Gupta S, Bedikian AY, Ahrar J , et al. Hepatic artery chemoembolization in patients with ocular melanoma metastatic to the liver: response, survival, and prognostic factors. Am J Clin Oncol 2010; 33 (5) 474-480
  • 25 Fiorentini G, Aliberti C, Del Conte A , et al. Intra-arterial hepatic chemoembolization (TACE) of liver metastases from ocular melanoma with slow-release irinotecan-eluting beads. Early results of a phase II clinical study. In Vivo 2009; 23 (1) 131-137
  • 26 Venturini M, Pilla L, Agostini G , et al. Transarterial chemoembolization with drug-eluting beads preloaded with irinotecan as a first-line approach in uveal melanoma liver metastases: tumor response and predictive value of diffusion-weighted MR imaging in five patients. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2012; 23 (7) 937-941
  • 27 Sullivan KL. Immunoembolization for melanoma. In: Geschwind JFH, Soulen MC, , eds. Interventional Oncology: Principles and Practice. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press; 2008: 311-315
  • 28 Yamamoto A, Sato T. Locoregional treatment of malignant hepatic tumors with biologic response modifiers. Surg Oncol Clin N Am 2008; 17 (4) 935-955, xii
  • 29 Kanai T, Monden M, Sakon M , et al. New development of transarterial immunoembolization (TIE) for therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma with intrahepatic metastases. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 1994; 33 (Suppl) S48-S54
  • 30 Yoshida T, Sakon M, Umeshita K , et al. Appraisal of transarterial immunoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma: a clinicopathologic study. J Clin Gastroenterol 2001; 32 (1) 59-65
  • 31 Dranoff G, Jaffee E, Lazenby A , et al. Vaccination with irradiated tumor cells engineered to secrete murine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulates potent, specific, and long-lasting anti-tumor immunity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1993; 90 (8) 3539-3543
  • 32 Sullivan KL, Aoyama T, Sato T, McCue P. Safety of immunoembolization of normal swine liver with human GM-CSF (granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor) and Ethiodol. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2001; 12: S132-S133
  • 33 Sato T, Eschelman DJ, Gonsalves CF , et al. Immunoembolization of malignant liver tumors, including uveal melanoma, using granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. J Clin Oncol 2008; 26 (33) 5436-5442
  • 34 Yamamoto A, Chervoneva I, Sullivan KL , et al. High-dose immunoembolization: survival benefit in patients with hepatic metastases from uveal melanoma. Radiology 2009; 252 (1) 290-298
  • 35 Speiser DE, Miranda R, Zakarian A , et al. Self antigens expressed by solid tumors do not efficiently stimulate naive or activated T cells: implications for immunotherapy. J Exp Med 1997; 186 (5) 645-653
  • 36 Dow SW, Elmslie RE, Willson AP, Roche L, Gorman C, Potter TA. In vivo tumor transfection with superantigen plus cytokine genes induces tumor regression and prolongs survival in dogs with malignant melanoma. J Clin Invest 1998; 101 (11) 2406-2414
  • 37 Eschelman DJ, Gonsalves CF, Terai M , et al. The results of a randomized phase II study using embolization with or without granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in uveal melanoma patients with hepatic metastasis. J Clin Oncol 2011; 29: 544s
  • 38 Parmiani G, Castelli C, Pilla L, Santinami M, Colombo MP, Rivoltini L. Opposite immune functions of GM-CSF administered as vaccine adjuvant in cancer patients. Ann Oncol 2007; 18 (2) 226-232
  • 39 Kennedy AS, Nutting C, Jakobs T , et al. A first report of radioembolization for hepatic metastases from ocular melanoma. Cancer Invest 2009; 27 (6) 682-690
  • 40 Gonsalves CF, Eschelman DJ, Sullivan KL, Anne PR, Doyle L, Sato T. Radioembolization as salvage therapy for hepatic metastasis of uveal melanoma: a single-institution experience. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2011; 196 (2) 468-473
  • 41 Klingenstein A, Haug AR, Zech CJ, Schaller UC. Radioembolization as locoregional therapy of hepatic metastases in uveal melanoma patients. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2012; ; April 21 (Epub ahead of print)
  • 42 Van de Wiele C, Maes A, Brugman E , et al. SIRT of liver metastases: physiological and pathophysiological considerations. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2012; 39 (10) 1646-1655
  • 43 Leyvraz S, Spataro V, Bauer J , et al. Treatment of ocular melanoma metastatic to the liver by hepatic arterial chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol 1997; 15 (7) 2589-2595
  • 44 Peters S, Voelter V, Zografos L , et al. Intra-arterial hepatic fotemustine for the treatment of liver metastases from uveal melanoma: experience in 101 patients. Ann Oncol 2006; 17 (4) 578-583
  • 45 Alexander Jr HR, Butler CC. Development of isolated hepatic perfusion via the operative and percutaneous techniques for patients with isolated and unresectable liver metastases. Cancer J 2010; 16 (2) 132-141
  • 46 Alexander Jr HR, Libutti SK, Pingpank JF , et al. Hyperthermic isolated hepatic perfusion using melphalan for patients with ocular melanoma metastatic to liver. Clin Cancer Res 2003; 9 (17) 6343-6349
  • 47 Pingpank JF, Hughes MS, Faries MB , et al. A phase III random assignment trial comparing percutaneous hepatic perfusion with melphalan (PHP-mel) to standard of care for patients with hepatic metastases from metastatic ocular or cutaneous melanoma. J Clin Oncol 2010; 28: 18s
  • 48 Zager J, Nutting C. Chemosaturation therapy with percutaneous hepatic perfusions of melphalan versus standard of care in patients with hepatic metastases from melanoma: A randomized multicenter phase 3 study. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2012; 23: S3