Mythen und Legenden – Trinken vor Operationen

Internationale Leitlinien empfehlen, Patienten zum Trinken klarer Flüssigkeiten bis 2 Stunden vor Narkoseeinleitung aufzufordern. Wieso sind Patienten dann aber auch heute noch im Median bis zu 12 Stunden nüchtern? Sind Konzepte mit liberalen Trinkregimen patientengefährdend oder „best clinical practice“? Dieser Beitrag unterzieht Aussagen, Mythen und Legenden zum Trinken klarer Flüssigkeiten vor Operationen einem Faktencheck.

Abstract

International guidelines recommend encouraging patients to drink up to two hours before induction of anaesthesia. But why are patients still fasting for up to a median of 12 hours? Are liberal clear liquid fasting regimens harmful to patients or considered “best clinical practice”? Gastric emptying of clear liquids is very fast, exponential and proportional to the current filling of the stomach. There is no evidence of a link between drinking clear liquids and the risk of aspiration. As a result, more and more hospitals are allowing their patients to drink clear liquids until they are called for surgery. Since 2021, “SipTilSend” has become best practice in the UK and the concept of fasting cards has been awarded by patient safety organisations in 2024.

Kernaussagen

• Klare Flüssigkeiten verlassen den Magen sehr schnell.

• Es gibt keine Hinweise auf einen Zusammenhang zwischen dem Trinken klarer Flüssigkeiten und einem erhöhten Aspirationsrisiko bei elektiven Operationen.

• Da die strikte Umsetzung der 2-Stunden-Grenze mediane Flüssigkeitskarenzzeiten von 9–12 Stunden zur Folge hat, führen immer mehr Kliniken Konzepte mit „Trinken bis Abruf“ ein.

Schlüsselwörter

klare Flüssigkeiten - Nüchternheit - SipTilSend - Nüchternheitskarten

Keywords

clear liquids - clear fluids - fasting - SipTilSend - fasting cards

Publikationsverlauf

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
15. April 2025

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