Secondary Forehead Lift in Transgender Women

Abstract

Facial feminization surgery includes a series of procedures that aim to attenuate the masculine features of the face and make the face more feminine and harmonic. During the past few years, several feminization techniques have been developed or adapted to this discipline. The current intervention of the forehead for feminization is based on the setback of the anterior wall of the frontal sinus and the remodeling of the supraorbital and glabellar region, associated to brow lift and hairline advancement. Primary forehead feminization yields high patient satisfaction, quality of life, and aesthetic outcomes, with few complications. Despite this, secondary forehead lift in feminization surgery has grown rapidly in recent years due to two main reasons: (1) patients that had their primary forehead surgery 5 or more years ago kept aging; and (2) there was also a great increase in the primary surgeries, which also comes with increased unsatisfied patients that want a revision. In the present study, we will present our current approach for secondary forehead lift in transgender women and tips to avoid a revision when performing the primary forehead reconstruction.

Keywords

forehead lift - forehead reconstruction - revision surgery - facial feminization surgery - gender-affirming surgery

Publication History

Accepted Manuscript online:
27 December 2023

Article published online:
29 January 2024

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