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Methods Inf Med 2014; 53(01): 39-46
DOI: 10.3414/ME13-01-0008
Original Articles
Schattauer GmbH

Development of an Open Metadata Schema for Prospective Clinical Research (openPCR) in China[*]

W. Xu
1   Department of Medical Informatics, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
2   Department of Library Science, Nanjing Political College, Nanjing, China
,
Z. Guan
3   Department of Basic Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
,
J. Sun
4   Department of Health Service, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
,
Z. Wang
5   Department of Medical Informatics, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China
,
Y. Geng
6   Shanghai Banpo Network Technologies Ltd, Shanghai, China
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

received: 20 January 2013

accepted: 12 November 2013

Publication Date:
20 January 2018 (online)

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Summary

Objectives: In China, deployment of electronic data capture (EDC) and clinical data management system (CDMS) for clinical research (CR) is in its very early stage, and about 90% of clinical studies collected and submitted clinical data manually. This work aims to build an open metadata schema for Prospective Clinical Research (openPCR) in China based on openEHR archetypes, in order to help Chinese researchers easily create specific data entry templates for registration, study design and clinical data collection.

Methods: Singapore Framework for Dublin Core Application Profiles (DCAP) is used to develop openPCR and four steps such as defining the core functional requirements and deducing the core metadata items, developing archetype models, defining metadata terms and creating archetype records, and finally developing implementation syntax are followed.

Results: The core functional requirements are divided into three categories: requirements for research registration, requirements for trial design, and requirements for case report form (CRF). 74 metadata items are identified and their Chinese authority names are created. The minimum metadata set of openPCR includes 3 documents, 6 sections, 26 top level data groups, 32 lower data groups and 74 data elements. The top level container in openPCR is composed of public document, internal document and clinical document archetypes. A hierarchical structure of openPCR is established according to Data Structure of Electronic Health Record Architecture and Data Stand -ard of China (Chinese EHR Standard). Meta-data attributes are grouped into six parts: identification, definition, representation, relation, usage guides, and administration.

Discussions and Conclusion: OpenPCR is an open metadata schema based on research registration standards, standards of the Clinical Data Interchange Standards Consortium (CDISC) and Chinese healthcare related stand -ards, and is to be publicly available throughout China. It considers future integration of EHR and CR by adopting data structure and data terms in Chinese EHR Standard. Archetypes in openPCR are modularity models and can be separated, recombined, and reused. The authors recommend that the method to develop openPCR can be referenced by other countries when designing metadata schema of clinical research. In the next steps, openPCR should be used in a number of CR projects to test its applicability and to continuously improve its coverage. Besides, metadata schema for research protocol can be developed to structurize and standardize protocol, and syntactical interoperability of openPCR with other related standards can be considered.

Keywords

Metadata - archetype - electronic health record (EHR) - clinical research (CR) - Dublin Core Metadata Element Set (DC Metadata Element Set)

* Supplementary material published on our website www.methods-online.com