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DOI: 10.15654/TPK-170029
Ernährungsphysiologische Beurteilung kommerzieller Feucht-Alleinfuttermittel für Katzen
Evaluation of nutritional characteristics of commercial canned cat dietsPublication History
Eingegangen:
13 January 2017
Akzeptiert nach Revision:
27 March 2017
Publication Date:
10 January 2018 (online)
Zusammenfassung
Ziel: Beurteilung kommerzieller Alleinfuttermittel (Feuchtfutter) für adulte Katzen in Bezug auf Zusammensetzung und Deklarationstreue sowie ernährungsphysiologische Einschätzung. Material und Methoden: 21 kommerzielle Feucht-Alleinfuttermittel für adulte Katzen wurden auf die Rohnährstoff-, Mengenelement-, Spurenelement- und Vitamingehalte sowie Gehalte an ausgewählten Aminosäuren und Taurin analysiert. Die Energiegehalte wurden kalkuliert und mit den Fütterungsempfehlungen der Hersteller verglichen. Anhand des gültigen europäischen Futtermittelrechts (basierend auf EG VO 767/2009) erfolgte eine Einschätzung der Deklarationstreue. Ergebnisse: Die empfohlenen Futtermengen wichen häufig von den kalkulierten Werten ab. Bei acht Futtermitteln waren sie zu niedrig angesetzt, vier Empfehlungen veranschlagten eine zu hohe Futtermenge. Die Kalzium- und Phosphorgehalte von 12 Futtermitteln überschritten die Versorgungsempfehlung um mehr als das Dreifache. Beim Gehalt an Spurenelementen wiesen 16 von 21 Futtermitteln erhebliche Abweichungen zu den Bedarfsempfehlungen auf. Besonders auffällig waren die Selengehalte, die im Mittel bei über 300% der Bedarfsempfehlung lagen. Die Vitamin- sowie die Arginin- und Tauringehalte deckten sich weitestgehend mit den Bedarfsempfehlungen. Die Deklarationsvorschriften wurden mit wenigen Abweichungen eingehalten. Schlussfolgerung und klinische Relevanz: Katzen sind mit einem kommerziellen Feucht-Alleinfuttermittel in weiten Bereichen bedarfsdeckend versorgt. Bei Abweichungen vom gewünschten Ernährungszustand kann es sinnvoll sein, die deklarierte Empfehlung zur täglichen Futtermenge kritisch zu hinterfragen. Zudem wäre es empfehlenswert, dass Futtermittelhersteller die vielfach überhöhten Phosphorgehalte reduzieren. Zum einen lässt sich ein höheres Risiko der Harnsteinbildung bei einer Phosphorüberversorgung nicht ausschließen, zum anderen dient dies einer Schonung der Nieren älterer Tiere (Disposition für eine Niereninsuffizienz). Auch die überhöhten Selengehalte sollten durch anteilmäßige Reduzierung von selenreichen Einzelkomponenten wie bestimmten Innereien in der Rezeptur gesenkt werden.
Summary
Objective: To evaluate commercial complete canned cat foods according to their composition, labeling and nutritional characteristics. Materials and methods: A total of 21 commercial complete canned compound feeds for adult cats were analyzed for crude nutrients, minerals, vitamins, selected amino acids and taurine. The analyzed parameters were compared to the internal set of standards of the European Pet Food Industry Federation (FEDIAF). The energy content was calculated and compared with the labeled recommendations regarding the amounts of diet that should be fed. Analyzed nutrients were compared with the labeled nutrients according to the regulations of the EU food and feed law (directive EU regulation 767/2009). Results: In many cases, the labeled feeding protocols did not match the calculated daily energy requirements. In eight complete foods, the recommended daily feed amounts were underestimated and four recommendations exceeded energy requirements of adult cats. In 12 complete foods, the calcium and phosphorus contents were threefold higher than the respective requirement. In 16 of 21 complete foods, substantial discrepancies were observed between the recommendations and the analyzed trace elements. In particular, selenium contents exceeded the selenium requirement more than threefold. The vitamin, arginine and taurine contents showed no significant discrepancies to the recommendations. With respect to the labeled nutrients, there were only minor deviations from the regulations of the European law. Conclusion and clinical relevance: In general, healthy adult cats are adequately supplied with energy and nutrients when feeding commercial canned complete diets for cats. In cases of body weight loss or gain, the labelled feed amounts should be questioned. The high phosphorus contents are an issue of concern, because a high phosphorus intake can potentially increase the risk for urinary stones and particularly for older cats the risk for renal insufficiency. Furthermore, it is recommended to decrease the high selenium levels by the reduction of selenium-rich feed materials such as offal.
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