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Thromb Haemost 2004; 92(04): 697-706
DOI: 10.1160/TH04-04-0209
Theme Issue Article
Schattauer GmbH

Arterial ischaemic stroke in children

Review of the literature and strategies for future stroke studies
Fenella Kirkham
1   Neurosciences Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, and University of Southampton, United Kingdom
,
Guillaume Sébire
2   Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
,
Maja Steinlin
3   Division of Paediatric Neurology, University Children’s Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
,
Ronald Sträter   *
4   Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, University of Münster, Germany
› Author AffiliationsGrant support: This work was supported by grants from the “Karl-Bröcker-Stiftung” and the “Stiftung Deutsche Schlaganfall-Hilfe”.
Further Information

Publication History

Received 02 April 2004

Accepted after revision 15 July 2004

Publication Date:
06 December 2017 (online)

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Summary

Conditions associated with arterial ischaemic stroke in children include a great variety of diseases and triggers such as congenital heart malformations, sickle cell disease, infections and vasculopathies, although up to 50% are cryptogenic. An abnormal vascular status can be demonstrated by vascular imaging in up to 80% of children with ischaemic stroke, and case control studies demonstrate an association between ischaemic stroke in children and hereditary prothrombotic risk factors and infections such as Varicella. Conventional risk factors such as hypertension and dyslipidaemia may also play a role, and most children have several potential triggers rather than one single cause. This review focuses on clinical presentations, imaging methods, stroke subtypes, underlying conditions including prothrombotic risk factors, outcome and recurrence. Although data from randomised controlled trials, on which clinical practice might be based, are sparse, therapeutic approaches and future research directions are discussed.

Keywords

Pediatric stroke - etiology - risk assessment

* All authors contributed equally


 

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