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DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-968167
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Rare Intramedullary Hemorrhage of a Brainstem Hemangioblastoma
Seltene intramedulläre Blutung eines HirnstammhämangioblastomsPublication History
Publication Date:
08 May 2007 (online)
Abstract
Object: Hemorrhages caused by hemangioblastomas are very rare and mostly located in the subarachnoid space. Intraparenchymal bleedings due to hemangioblastomas are even less frequent, and these hemorrhages are almost exclusively located in the supratentorial brain, cerebellum and spinal cord. We report the first case of a brainstem hemorrhage due to a hemangioblastoma of the medulla oblongata.
Case Report: A 47-year-old woman presented with acute onset of headache, anarthria, inability to swallow, left-sided hemiparesis and hemidysesthesia with varying states of vigilance, finally developing acute respiratory failure. Cranial computed tomography (CT) scanning and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a small hemangioblastoma of the posterior medulla oblongata causing intraparenchymal hemorrhage and acute occlusive hydrocephalus due to intraventricular hematoma extension.
Result: After implantation of an external ventricular catheter to treat acute hydrocephalus, the hemangioblastoma as well as its associated hemorrhage could be removed in toto via a microsurgical posterior median suboccipital approach with minimal foramen magnum enlargement. During the follow-up period of six months postoperatively the patient showed good recovery with only slight residual neurological deficits.
Conclusion: The most common causes of brainstem hemorrhages are arterial hypertension and cavernous hemangiomas. However, hemangioblastomas should not be ignored as a possible differential diagnosis for intraparenchymal brainstem hemorrhage. While the prognosis in hypertensive brainstem bleedings is mostly disastrous and surgery rarely indicated, an operative therapy should be considered in cases of hemorrhages caused by underlying tumors. Especially in the treatment of hemangioblastoma, the surgical management strategy is crucial for a successful result. Therefore, the authors recommend including the search for hemangioblastomas into the diagnostic workup in patients with brainstem hemorrhages.
Zusammenfassung
Blutungen von Hämangioblastomen sind sehr selten und meist subarachnoidal lokalisiert. Die noch selteneren intraparenchymatösen Blutungen treten fast ausschließlich supratentoriell, zerebellär sowie im Rückenmark auf. Wir berichten über den ersten Fall einer Hirnstammblutung verursacht durch ein Hämangioblastom der Medulla oblongata.
Fallbericht: Eine 47-jährige Patientin klagte über akut aufgetretene Kopfschmerzen, eine Anarthrie sowie Schluckstörungen und wies eine linksseitige Hemiparese und -dysästhesie auf. Sie bot wechselnde Vigilanzzustände und entwickelte letztendlich eine respiratorische Insuffizienz. Kranielle computer- und kernspitomographische Untersuchungen zeigten ein kleines Hämangioblastom in der dorsalen Medulla oblogata als Ursache der intraparenchymatösen Blutung mit begleitendem Ventrikeleinbruch und nachfolgendem akutem Hydrocephalus occlusus.
Ergebnis: Der akute Hydrozephalus wurde mit einer externen Ventrikeldrainage behandelt. Die Blutung als auch das Hämangioblastom konnten in toto über eine posteriore mediane subokzipitale osteoklastische Erweiterung des Foramen magnum mikrochirurgisch entfernt werden. Im Verlauf von sechs Monaten postoperativ hatte sich die Patientin gut erholt und wies nur noch minimale residuelle neurologische Defizite auf.
Schlussfolgerung: Zu den häufigsten Ursachen von Hirnstammblutungen gehören die arterielle Hypertonie und kavernöse Hämangiome. Dennoch sollten Hämangioblastome als eine weitere mögliche Differentialdiagnose nicht außer Acht gelassen werden. Während die Prognose hypertensiver Hirnstammblutungen meist ungünstig und eine Operation nicht sinnvoll ist, sollte eine mikrochirurgische Behandlung bei der Blutung zugrunde liegenden Tumoren in Betracht gezogen werden. Insbesondere bei Hämangioblastomen ist die richtige operative Strategie entscheidend für den Therapieerfolg. Daher empfehlen die Autoren, die Suche nach Hämangioblastomen in die diagnostische Abklärung von Patienten mit Hirnstammblutungen mit einzubeziehen.
Key words
brainstem hemorrhage - hemangioblastoma - von Hippel-Lindau disease
Schlüsselwörter
Hirnstammblutung - Hämangioblastom - von Hippel-Lindau Erkrankung
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Correspondence
Y.-M. Ryang
Department of Neurosurgery
University Hospital (RWTH)
Aachen (Aachen University)
Pauwelsstr. 30
50274 Aachen
Germany
Phone: +49/2 41/8 08 84 81
Fax: +49/2 41/8 08 24 20
Email: ryang@gmx.de