Bakterielle Biofilme

Zusammenfassung

Wissenschaftler halten bakterielle Biofilme in 65 % aller Infektionskrankheiten für die Ursache. In der Hals-Nasen-Ohrenheilkunde erfüllen häufige Erkrankungen wie chronische Tonsillitis, chronische Sinusitis, Otitis media mit Paukenerguss und Otitis media epitympanalis die Kriterien einer biofilmassoziierten Erkrankung: mit Antibiose unzureichend therapierbare Entzündungen, die durch einen schubweisen Verlauf charakterisiert sind. Zudem werden in unserem Fachgebiet häufig medizinische Implantate im Bereich von belüfteten Arealen (Mittelohr, Trachea, Nasennebenhöhlen) verwendet, die nachweislich für die Besiedelung mit Biofilmen anfällig sind. Auf den folgenden Seiten werden charakteristische Merkmale von Biofilmen mit ihrer Entwicklung dargestellt, Erkenntnisse mit Bezug auf HNO-ärztliche Erkrankungen zusammengefasst und derzeitige bzw. künftige Therapieansätze erläutert.

Abstract

Today, 65 % of all infections are regarded as a consequence of local biofilms. In Otorhinolaryngology frequent diseases including chronic tonsillitis, chronic sinusitis, otitis media with effusion and cholesteatomas fulfill the clinical criteria of biofilm-associated diseases such as recalcitrant disease, inefficiently treated with long-term antibiotics. Apart from affecting a great proportion of our clinical spectrum, ENT-specialist frequently insert implants into ventilated area such as trachea, middle ear and paranasal sinuses, all susceptible for biofilm attachment. In short, relevant characteristics of biofilms and their development are summarized, clinical knowledge of otorhinolaryngologic diseases is presented and current and future therapeutic approaches are discussed.

Schlüsselwörter

Biofilm - Pathophysiologie - Mikrobiologie - Sinusitis - Otitis media

Key words

biofilm - pathophysiology - microbiology - sinusitis - otitis media

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