Is there an Association between ACE and CKMM Polymorphisms and Cycling Performance Status during 3-Week Races?
A. Lucía1
, F. Gómez-Gallego2
, J. L. Chicharro3
, J. Hoyos4
, K. Celaya5
, A. Córdova6
, G. Villa7
, J. M. Alonso8
, M. Barriopedro1
, M. Pérez1
, C. P. Earnest9
1Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
2Departamento de Toxicología y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
3Department of Enfermería, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
4Asociación Deportiva Banesto, Madrid, Spain
5Caja Laboral, Basque Country, Spain
6Departamento de Bioquímica y Fisiología, Universidad de Valladolid, Spain
7Departamento de Educación Física, Universidad de León, Spain
8Servicios Médicos, Real Federación Española de Atletismo, Spain
9The Cooper Institute Centers for Integrated Health Research, Dallas, TX, USA
In this paper, we examine the association between polymorphisms of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and muscle-specific creatine kinase (CKMM) genes, and the actual performance status observed in professional cyclists capable of completing a classic tour stage race such as the Giro d'Italia, Tour de France, or Vuelta a España. To accomplish this, we compared the frequencies of the ACE and CKMM genotypes/alleles in 50 top-level Spanish professional cyclists that have completed at least one of these events to 119 sedentary controls, and 27 elite (Olympic-class) Spanish runners. The genetic polymorphism at the CK-MM locus was detected with the NcoI restriction endonuclease. The results of our study showed that the proportion of the DD genotype was higher in cyclists (50.0 %) than in the other two groups (p < 0.05), the proportion of the ID genotype was higher in controls (46.2 %) than in the other two groups (p < 0.05), and the proportion of the II genotype was higher in runners (40.7 %) than in the other two groups (p < 0.05). The proportion of the D allele was higher in both cyclists (65.0 %) and controls (57.6 %) than in runners (46.3 %) (p < 0.001), whereas the proportion of the I allele was higher in runners than in the other two groups (p < 0.001). No statistical differences were found for CKK-MM-NcoI. We conclude that in top-level professional cyclists capable of completing a classic 3-wk tour race, the frequency distribution of the D allele and the DD genotype seems to be higher than in other endurance athletes such as elite runners (in whom the I allele is especially frequent).
Key words
Genotype - allele - sports - endurance
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