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DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-812792
Physiotherapie nach lumbaler Bandscheibenoperation
Literaturstudie Die Arbeit wurde im Rahmen des SVOMP-Nachdiplomstudiums zum Dipl.-Manualtherapeuten OMT SVOMP erstellt.Publication History
Manuskript eingetroffen: 30.1.2003
Manuskript akzeptiert: August 2003
Publication Date:
25 February 2004 (online)
Zusammenfassung
Der systematische Review behandelt die Frage, welche kontrollierten klinischen Studien die Effektivität bestimmter Vorgehensweisen in der postoperativen Rehabilitation bandscheibenoperierter Patienten im Hinblick auf physiotherapeutisch relevante Parameter sowie Vorsichtsmaßnamen und Kontraindikationen belegen.
Obwohl aufgrund der unterschiedlichen Studiendesigns ein direkter Vergleich nicht möglich ist, ergeben sich starke Hinweise auf die Effektivität vorwiegend aktiver physiotherapeutischer Übungsprogramme. Diese können bei komplikationslosem Verlauf bereits ab dem 1. postoperativen Tag beginnen. Dynamische und durchaus auch mobilisierende Komponenten zur Steigerung von Kraft und Kraftausdauer der Rumpfmuskulatur in Verbindung mit einer ausreichend hohen Dosierung scheinen den günstigsten Einfluss zu haben. Bei einer Dauer von 4 Wochen waren positive funktionelle Ergebnisse nachweisbar. Spätestens ab der 3. postoperativen Woche sind kontrollierte aktive Mobilisationstechniken in allen Bewegungsrichtungen möglich.
Da keine Anzeichen für eine erhöhte Rezidivrate oder postoperative Instabilitäten sowie die Notwendigkeit von Aktivitätsbeschränkungen zu finden waren, scheint übertriebene Vorsicht bei der Rehabilitation bandscheibenoperierter Patienten unbegründet.
Physiotherapy after lumbar disc surgery
The systematic review discusses the question of which controlled clinical studies prove the effectiveness of certain interventions in the postoperative rehabilitation of patients after lumbar disc surgery regarding parameters relevant to physiotherapy as well as precautionary measures and contraindications.
Although a direct comparison is not possible due to differing study designs, there are strong indications for the effectiveness of mainly active physiotherapy exercise programmes. Dynamic and also mobilising components to increase the strength and endurance of the trunk muscles together with a sufficiently high dosage seem to have the best influence. Controlled active mobilising techniques in all directions of movement are possible from not later than the 3rd postoperative week onwards.
As there were no indications for an increased rate of relapse or postoperative instability as well as the necessity for activity restrictions, exaggerated caution during the rehabilitation of patients after lumbar disc surgery seems to be unfounded.
Schlüsselwörter
Bandscheibenoperation - Physiotherapie
Key words
Lumbar disc surgery - Physiotherapy
Literatur
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Peter Goerttler
Herbert Hellmann Allee 46
79189 Bad Krozingen
Email: p.goerttler@web.de