Synlett 2003(15): 2428-2439  
DOI: 10.1055/s-2003-42473
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© Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York

Renaissance of Ullmann and Goldberg Reactions - Progress in Copper Catalyzed C-N-, C-O- and C-S-Coupling

Klaus Kunz*a, Ulrich Scholzb, Dirk Ganzera
a Bayer CropScience AG, Research, Chemistry Fungicides, 51368 Leverkusen, Germany
b Bayer Chemicals AG, Fine Chemicals Research & Development, 51368 Leverkusen, Germany
Fax: +49(21)73383926; e-Mail: klaus.kunz@bayercropscience.com;
Further Information

Publication History

Received 7 October 2003
Publication Date:
07 November 2003 (online)

Abstract

Copper-catalyzed C-N-, C-O- and C-S-coupling reactions are powerful tools in organic synthesis and have been extensively reinvestigated in the past five years. The understanding of solubilizing and accelerating effects exhibited by substrates and ligands initiated novel developments originally on N-arylation of amines, amides, and nitrogen heterocycles. Nevertheless practical methods for the syntheses of aryl ethers and aryl thioethers have been established as well. A wide range of arylating reagents was explored, of which the aryl halides will be presented in this overview. Among a growing set of ligands and optimized reaction protocols, the most promising procedures are highlighted, covering the literature published through May 2003.

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Patent pending.

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Patent pending.