Download PDF
Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2002; 4(4): 464-473
DOI: 10.1055/s-2002-34131
Original Paper
Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart ·New York

Linear Relation between Cell Growth and Water Channels Conducted Lp in Nitellopsis

G. L. Zhu, M. J. Zhu, Q. Ye, S. Li, R. Zhu, Y. Cao, J. Chen, X. C. Wang
  • College of Biology, State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China (PRC)
Further Information

Publication History

Received: August 24, 2001

Accepted: May 31, 2002

Publication Date:
18 September 2002 (online)

   Permissions and Reprints

Abstract

The effect of Lp on growth of internodes of Nitellopsis obtusa (Desv. In Lois) J. Gr. was studied, with treatments of HgCl2 and antibodies against aquaporins (anti-RD28) on the plasmalemma, using laser scanning confocal microscopy, and simultaneous monitoring of cell growth, turgor, Em and Lp using a turgor/membrane potential probe (T-EP probe). Laser scanning confocal immunofluorescent microscopy indicated the immunoreaction of anti-RD28 on the plasma membrane. Experiments showed that, following treatment with 25 μM HgCl2, cell growth was entirely and Lp largely inhibited, and no growth recovery was seen even when Lp was completely reversed by replacement of HgCl2 with β-mercaptoethanol (ME). Anti-RD28 inhibited both Lp and growth of internodes of N. obtusa by about 80 %, and the possible influences on cell growth of changes in turgor, respiration and pH in cell walls, being excluded during treatment. It was confirmed experimentally that enlargement growth of internodes of N. obtusa was linearly related to cell Lp.

Abbreviations

RD28: aquaporins in plasmalemma of A. thaliana (28kD protein)

anti-RD28: antibody against fusion protein including conservative section in loop E of RD28

XET: xyloglucan endo-transglycosylase

Key words

Cell growth - Lp - Nitellopsis - T-EP probe

References

  • 01 Agre,  P.,, Brown,  D.,, and Nielsen,  S.. (1995);  Aquaporin water channels: unanswered questions and unresolved controversies.  Curr. Opin. in Cell Biol.. 7 472-485
    Google Scholar
  • 02 Barone,  L. M.,, Shih,  C.,, and Wasserman,  B. P.. (1997);  Mercury-induced conformational changes and identification of conserved surface loops in plasma membrane aquaporins from higher plants: Topology of PMIP31 from Beta vulgaris L.  J. Biol. Chem.. 272 30672-30677
    Google Scholar
  • 03 Chapmann,  R. L., and Buchheim,  M. A.. (1991);  Ribosomal RNA gene sequences: Analysis and significance in the phylogeny and taxonomy of green algae.  Crit. Rev. Pl. Sci.. 10 343-368
    Google Scholar
  • 04 Chrispeels,  M. J., and Maurel,  C.. (1994);  Aquaporins: the molecular basis of facilitated water movement through living plant cells.  Plant Physiol.. 105 9-13
    Google Scholar
  • 05 Cleland,  R.. (1971);  Cell wall extension.  Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol.. 22 197-222
    Google Scholar
  • 06 Cosgrove,  D. J.. (1997);  Relaxation in a high-stress environment: the molecular bases of extensible cell walls and cell enlargement.  The Plant Cell. 9 1031-1041
    Google Scholar
  • 07 Fry,  S. C.. (1995);  Polysaccharide-modifying enzymes in the plant cell wall.  Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol.. 46 497-520
    Google Scholar
  • 08 Green,  P. B.. (1968);  Growth physics in Nitella: a method for continuous in vivo analysis of extensibility based on a micro-manometer technique for turgor pressure.  Plant Physiol.. 43 1169-1184
    Google Scholar
  • 09 Henzler,  T., and Steudle,  E.. (1995);  Reversible closing of water channels in Chara internodes provides evidence for a composite transport model of the plasma membrane.  J. Exp. Bot.. 46 199-209
    Google Scholar
  • 10 Johansson,  I.,, Karlsson,  M.,, Shukla,  V. K.,, Chrispeels,  M. J.,, Larsson,  C.,, and Kjellbom,  P.. (1998);  Water transport activity of the plasma membrane aquaporin PM28A is regulated by phosphorylation.  Plant Cell. 10 451-459
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 11 Kamiya,  N.,, Tazawa,  M.,, and Takata,  T.. (1963);  The relation of turgor pressure to cell volume in Nitella with special reference to the mechanical properties of the cell wall.  Protoplasma. 57 501-521
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 12 Lockhart,  J. A.. (1965);  An analysis of irreversible plant cell elongation.  J. Theor. Biol.. 8 264-275
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 13 Passioura,  J. B., and Fry,  S. C.. (1992);  Turgor and cell expansion: beyond the Lockhart equation.  Australian Journal of Plant Physiology. 19 565-576
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 14 Pfeffer,  W.. (1903) The Physiology of Plants, Vol. 2. Oxford; At the Clarendon Press pp. 118-119 (English translation)
    Google Scholar
  • 15 Preston,  G. M.,, Carroll,  T. P.,, Guggino,  W. B.,, and Agre,  P.. (1992);  Appearance of water channels in Xenopus oocytes expressing red cell CHIP28 protein.  Science. 256 385-387
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 16 Preston,  G. M.,, Jung,  J. S.,, Guggino,  W. B.,, and Agre,  P.. (1993);  The mercury-sensitive residue at cysteine 189 in the CHIP28 water channel.  J. Biol. Chem.. 268 17-20
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 17 Probine,  M. C., and Preston,  R. D.. (1962);  Cell growth and the structure and mechanical properties of the wall in internodal cells of Nitella opaca. II. Mechanical properties of the walls.  J. Exp. Bot.. 13 111-127
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 18 Proseus,  T. E.,, Ortega,  J. K. E.,, and Boyer,  J. S.. (1999);  Separating growth from elastic deformation during cell enlargement.  Plant Physiol.. 119 775-784
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 19 Ray,  P. M.,, Green,  P. B.,, and Cleland,  R.. (1972);  Role of turgor in plant cell growth.  Nature. 239 163-164
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 20 Rayle,  D. L., and Cleland,  R. E.. (1992);  The acid growth theory of auxin-induced cell elongation is alive and well.  Plant Physiol.. 99 1271-1274
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 21 Reizer,  J.,, Reizer,  A.,, and Saier,  M. H. J.. (1993);  The MIP family of integral membrane channel proteins: Sequence comparisons, evolutionary relationships, reconstructed pathway of evolution and proposed functional differentiation of the two repeated halves of the proteins.  Crit.Rev. Biochem. Mol. Biol.. 28 235-257
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 22 Schütz,  K., and Tyerman,  S. D.. (1997);  Water channels in Chara corallina. .  J. Exp. Bot.. 48 1511-1518
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 23 Solomon,  A. K.. (1968);  Characterization of biological membrane by equivalent pore.  J. Gen. Physiol.. 51 335S-364S
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 24 Stamer,  W. D.,, Snyder,  R. W.,, and Regan,  J. W.. (1996);  Characterization of the transmembrane orientation of Aquaporin-1 using antibodies to recombinant fusion proteins.  Biochem.. 35 16313-16318
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 25 Steudle,  E.. (1993) Pressure probe techniques: basic principles and application to studies of water and solute relations at the cell tissue and organ level. Water deficits: plant responses from cell to community. Smith, J. A. C. and Griffith, H., eds. Oxford; Bios Scientific Publishers pp. 5-36
    Google Scholar
  • 26 Steudle,  E., and Henzler,  T.. (1995);  Water channels in plants: do basic concepts of water transport change?.  J. Exp. Bot.. 46 1067-1076
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 27 van Os,  C. H.,, Deen,  P. M. T.,, and Dempster,  J. A.. (1994);  Aquaporins: water selective channels in biological membranes. Molecular structure and tissue distribution.  Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1197 291-309
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 28 Waiz,  T.,, Hirai,  T.,, Murata,  K.,, Heymann,  J. B.,, Mitsuoka,  K.,, Fujiyoshi,  Y.,, Smith,  B. L.,, Agre,  P.,, and Engel,  A.. (1997);  The three-dimensional structure of aquaporin-1.  Nature. 387 624-627
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 29 Wayne,  R., and Tazawa,  M.. (1990);  Nature of the water channels in the internodal cells of Nitellopsis. .  J. Membr. Biol.. 116 31-39
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 30 Yamada,  S.,, Katsuhara,  M.,, Kelly,  W. B.,, Michalowski,  C. B.,, and Bohnert,  H. J.. (1995);  A family of transcripts encoding water channel proteins: tissue-specific expression in the common ice plant.  Plant Cell. 7 1129-1142
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 31 Zhang,  R.,, van Hoek,  A. N.,, Biwersi,  J.,, and Verkman,  A. S.. (1993);  A point mutation at cysteine-189 blocks the water permeability of rat kidney water channel CHIP28k.  Biochemistry. 32 2938-2941
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 32 Zhu,  G. L.. (1996);  A new turgor/membrane potential probe simultaneously measures turgor and electrical membrane potential.  Bot. Acta. 109 51-56
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 33 Zhu,  G. L., and Boyer,  J. S.. (1992);  Enlargement in Chara studied with a turgor clamp: growth rate is not determined by turgor.  Plant Physiol.. 100 2071-2080
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 34 Zhu,  G. L.,, Zhu,  R.,, Zhou,  W.,, Ye,  Q.,, Zhen,  Z. L.,, and Yuan,  M.. (2000);  Both intact microfilaments and cortical microtubules are involved in the maintenance of the growth rate of internodal cells of Nitellopsis. .  Plant biol.. 2 195-203
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 35 Zhu,  M. J.,, Wang,  X. C.,, Chen,  J.,, and Du,  M.. (1999);  Expression of conservative sections of RD28 in E. coli and preparation of the antibody against RD28.  J. Agri. Biotech.. 7 215-218
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 36 Zimmermann,  U., and Steudle,  E.. (1975);  The hydraulic conductivity and volumetric elastic modulus of cells and isolated cell walls of Nitella and Chara spp: pressure and volume effects.  Aust. J. Plant Physiol.. 2 1-12
    PubMedGoogle Scholar

G. L. Zhu

College of Biology
State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry
China Agricultural University

Beijing 100094
China (PRC)

Email: glzhu@mail.cau.edu.cn

Section Editor: U. Lüttge

      >