Subscribe to RSS
Please copy the URL and add it into your RSS Feed Reader.
https://www.thieme-connect.de/rss/thieme/en/10.1055-s-00000071.xml
Semin Neurol 2000; 20(4): 409-418
DOI: 10.1055/s-2000-13173
DOI: 10.1055/s-2000-13173
Aphasia and the Relationship of Language and Brain
Further Information
Publication History
Publication Date:
03 March 2004 (online)
![](https://www.thieme-connect.de/media/sin/200004/lookinside/thumbnails/10.1055-s-2000-13173-1.jpg)
ABSTRACT
This article provides a brief history of the study of aphasia, along with current data on aphasic syndromes and their localization in the brain as well as information on testing procedures. A brief examination of language from a functional perspective is also provided, as it is difficult to understand the breakdown patterns without an appreciation for the complexities of language processing per se.
KEYWORD
Aphasia - language disorders - brain damage
REFERENCES
- 1 Broca P. Sur le siège de la faculté de langage articulé. Bull Anthropol . 1865; 5 377-393
- 2 Alexander M P. Aphasia: clinical and anatomic aspects. In: Feinberg TE, Farah MJ, eds. Behavioral Neurology and Neuropsychology New York: McGraw-Hill 1997: 133-150
- 3 Wernicke C. The aphasic symptom complex: a psychological study on a neurological basis. Breslau: Cohn and Weigert; 1874. Reprinted in Eggert GH, ed. and trans. Wernicke's Works on Aphasia. The Hague: Mouton; 1977
- 4 Lichtheim C. On aphasia. Brain . 1885; 7 433-484
- 5 Caplan D. Neurolinguistics and Linguistic Aphasiology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1987
- 6 Dejerine J J. Contribution a l'étude anatomo-pathologique et clinique des différentes variétés de cecute verbale. Mem Soc Biol . 1892; 4 61-90
- 7 Marie P. Révision de la question de l'aphasie: la troisieme convolution frontale gauche nejoue aucun rôle spéciale dans la fonction du langage. Sem Med (Paris) . 1906; 21 241-247
- 8 Head H. Aphasia and Kindred Disorders of Speech. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1926
- 9 Geschwind N. Disconnection syndromes in animals and man: part I. Brain . 1965; 88 237-229
- 10 Geschwind N. Disconnection syndromes in animals and man: part II. Brain . 1965; 88 585-644
- 11 Schuell H, Jenkins J J, Carroll J M. Factor analysis of the Minnesota Test for differential diagnosis of aphasia. J Speech Hear Res . 1962; 5 439-369
- 12 Mesulam M M. Large scale neurocognitive networks and distributed processing for attention, language and memory. Ann Neurol . 1990; 28 597-613
- 13 Bates E, Harris C, Marchman V, Wulfeck B, Kritchevsky M. Production of complex syntax in normal aging and Alzheimer's disease. Lang Cognitive Processes . 1995; 10 487-544
- 14 Bird H, Franklin S. Cinderella revisited: a comparison of fluent and non-fluent aphasic speech. J Neurolinguist . 1996; 9 187-206
- 15 Kertesz A. Aphasia and Associated Disorders. New York: Grune & Stratton; 1979
- 16 Mohr J P, Pessin M S, Finkelstein S. Broca's aphasia: pathological and clinical. Neurology . 1978; 28 311-324
- 17 Dronkers N F. A new brain region for coordinating speech articulation. Nature . 1996; 384 159-161
- 18 Goodglass H, Kaplan E. The Assessment of Aphasia and Related Disorders. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger; 1983
- 19 Benson D F, Ardila A. Aphasia: A Clinical Perspective. New York: Oxford University Press; 1996
- 20 Kertesz A. The Western Aphasia Battery. New York: Grune & Stratton; 1982
- 21 Caramazza A. The logic of neuropsychological research and the problem of patient classifi-cation in aphasia. Brain Lang . 1984; 21 9-20
- 22 Saffran E M, Marin O SM, Yeni-Komshian G. An analysis of speech perception in word deafness. Brain Lang . 1976; 3 209-228
- 23 Caramazza A, Zurif E B. Dissociation of algorithmic and heuristic processes in language comprehension: evidence from aphasia. Brain Lang . 1976; 3 572-582
- 24 Linebarger M, Schwartz M F, Saffran E M. Sensitivity to grammatical structure in so-called agrammatic aphasics. Cognition . 1983; 13 641-662
- 25 Shallice T, Vallar G. The impairment of auditory-verbal short-term storage. In: Vallar G, Shallice T, eds. Neuropsychological Impairments of Short-Term Memory Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1990: 11-53
- 26 Saffran E M, Martin N. Short-term memory impairment and sentence processing: a case study. In: Vallar G, Shallice T, eds. Neuropsychological Impairments of Short-Term Memory Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1990: 428-447
- 27 Levelt W JM, Roelofs A, Meyer A S. A theory of lexical access in speech production. Behav Brain Sci . 1999; 22 1-38
- 28 Grodzinsky Y. The syntactic characterization of agrammatism. Cognition . 1984; 16 99-120
- 29 Berndt R S, Caramazza A. A redefinition of the syndrome of Broca's aphasia: implications for a neuropsychological model of language. Appl Linguist . 1980; 1 225-278
- 30 Miceli G, Mazzucchi A, Menn L, Goodglass H. Contrasting cases of Italian agrammatic aphasics without comprehension disorder. Brain Lang . 1983; 19 56-97
- 31 Hartsuiker R J, Kolk H HJ. Syntactic facilitation in agrammatic sentence production. Brain Lang . 1998; 62 221-254
- 32 Saffran E M, Martin N. Effects of structural priming on sentence production in aphasics. Lang Cognitive Processes . 1997; 12 877-882
- 33 Caplan D, Futter C. Assignment of thematic roles to nouns in sentence comprehension by an agrammatic patient. Brain Lang . 1986; 27 117-134
- 34 Smith E E, Jonides J, Koeppe R A. Spatial vs. object working memory: PET investigations. J Cognit Neurosci . 1995; 7 337-356
- 35 Just M A, Carpenter P A, Keller T A, Eddy W F, Thulborn K R. Brain activation modulated by sentence comprehension. Science . 1996; 274 114-116
- 36 Stromswold K, Caplan D, Alpert N, Rauch S. Localization of syntactic comprehension by positron emission tomography. Brain Lang . 1996; 52 452-473
- 37 Hahne A, Friederici A D. Electrophysiological evidence for two steps in syntactic analysis: early automatic and late controlled processes. J Cognit Neurosci . 1999; 11 194-205
- 38 Linebarger M. Agrammatism as evidence about grammar. Brain Lang . 1995; 50 52-91
- 39 Kolk H HJ. A time-based approach to agrammatic production. Brain Lang . 1995; 50 282-303
- 40 Miyake A, Carpenter P A, Just M A. A capacity approach to syntactic comprehension disorders: making normal adults perform like aphasic patients. Cognit Neuropsychol . 1994; 11 671-717
- 41 Grodzinsky Y. Theoretical Perspectives on Language Deficits. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press; 1990
- 42 Berndt R S. Sentence processing in aphasia. In: Sarno M Acquired Aphasia. 3rd ed. New York: Academic Press 1998: 229-267
- 43 Howard D, Patterson K. Pyramids and palm trees: a test of semantic access from pictures and words. Bury St. Edmonds, UK: Thames Valley Test Company; 1992
- 44 Snowden J S, Goulding P J, Neary D. Semantic dementia: a form of circumscribed cerebral atrophy. Behav Neurol . 1989; 2 167-182
- 45 Hodges J R, Patterson K, Oxbury S, Funnell E. Semantic dementia: progressive fluent aphasia with temporal lobe atrophy. Brain . 1992; 115 1783-1806
- 46 Chertkow H, Bub D, Caplan D. Constraining theories of semantic memory processing: evidence from dementia. Cognit Neuropsychol . 1992; 9 327-365
- 47 Breedin S D, Saffran E M, Coslett H B. Reversal of the concreteness effect in a patient with semantic dementia. Cognit Neuropsychol . 1994; 11 617-660
- 48 Sirigu A, Duhamel J R, Poncet M. The role of sensorimotor experience in object recognition: a case of multimodal agnosia. Brain . 1991; 114 2555-2573
- 49 Saffran E M, Sholl A. Clues to the functional and neural architecture of word meaning. In: Hagoort P, Brown C, eds. Neurocognition of Language Oxford: Oxford University Press 1999: 241-272
- 50 Paivio A. Dual coding theory: retrospect and current status. Can J Psycho . 1991; 45 255-287
- 51 Goodglass H, Hyde M R, Blumstein S E. Frequency, picturability and availability of nouns in aphasia. Cortex . 1969; 5 104-119
- 52 Ungerleider L G, Mishkin M. Two visual systems. In: Ingle DJ, Goodale MA, Mansfield RJW, eds. Analysis of Visual Behavior Cambridge, MA: MIT Press 1982: 549-586
- 53 Saffran E M, Schwartz M F. Of cabbages and things: semantic memory from a neuropsychological perspective: a tutorial review. In: Umilta C, Moscovitch M, eds. Attention and Performance XV: Conscious and Nonconscious Information Processing Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1994: 507-536
- 54 Buxbaum L, Saffran E M. Knowing ``how'' vs. ``what for'': a new dissociation. Brain Lang . 1998; 65 73-76
- 55 Allport D A. Distributed memory, modular subsystems and dysphasia. In: Newman SK, Epstein R, eds. Current Perspectives in Dysphasia Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone 1985: 32-60
- 56 Vandenberghe R, Price C, Wise R, Josephs O, Frackowiak R SJ. Functional anatomy of a common semantic system for words and pictures. Nature . 1996; 383 254-256
- 57 Grafton S T, Fadiga L, Arbib M, Rizzolatti G. Premotor cortex activation during observation and naming of familiar tools. Neuroimage . 1997; 6 231-236
- 58 Perani D, Cappa S F, Bettinardi V. Different neural systems for the recognition of animals and man-made tools. NeuroReport . 1995; 6 1637-1641
- 59 Martin A, Wiggs C L, Ungerleider L G, Haxby J V. Neural correlates of category-specific knowledge. Nature . 1996; 379 649-652
- 60 Hillis A E, Rapp B, Caramazza A. Constraining claims about theories of semantic memory: more on unitary vs. multiple semantics. Cognit Neuropsychol . 1995; 12 175-186
- 61 Shallice T. From Neuropsychology to Mental Structure. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1988
- 62 Schwartz M F, Saffran E M, Bloch D E, Dell G S. Disordered speech production in aphasic and normal speakers. Brain Lang . 1994; 47 52-881