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DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-121144
Endoscopic subtypes of colorectal laterally spreading tumors (LSTs) and the risk of submucosal invasion: a meta-analysis
Publication History
submitted: 01 June 2017
accepted after revision: 14 September 2017
Publication Date:
27 November 2017 (online)
![](https://www.thieme-connect.de/media/endoscopy/201803/lookinside/thumbnails/15734_10-1055-s-0043-121144-1.jpg)
Abstract
Background and study aims Many studies have reported on laterally spreading tumors (LSTs), but systematic reviews of the data to determine their risk of containing submucosal invasion (SMI) are lacking. We systematically screened and analyzed the available literature to provide a more solid basis for evidence-based treatment.
Methods We conducted a systematic search in PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Scopus for published articles until July 2017. We estimated pooled prevalence or odds ratios (ORs) with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs), using random-effects models. We classified endoscopic subtypes into granular LST, which comprises the homogeneous and nodular mixed subtypes, and non-granular LST, which comprises the flat elevated and pseudodepressed subtypes.
Results We identified 2949 studies, of which 48 were included. Overall, 8.5 % (95 %CI 6.5 % – 10.5 %) of LSTs contained SMI. The risk of SMI differed among the LST subtypes: 31.6 % in non-granular pseudodepressed LSTs (95 %CI 19.8 % – 43.4 %), 10.5 % in granular nodular mixed LSTs (95 %CI 5.9 % – 15.1 %), 4.9 % in non-granular flat elevated LSTs (95 %CI 2.1 % – 7.8 %), and 0.5 % in granular homogenous LSTs (95 %CI 0.1 % – 1.0 %). SMI was more common in distally rather than in proximally located LSTs (OR 2.50, 95 %CI 1.24 – 5.02). The proportion of SMI increased with lesion size (10 – 19 mm, 4.6 %; 20 – 29 mm, 9.2 %; ≥ 30 mm, 16.5 %). The pooled prevalence of patients with one or more LSTs in the general colonoscopy population was 0.8 % (95 %CI 0.6 % – 1.1 %).
Conclusion The majority of LSTs are non-invasive at the time of colonoscopic detection and can be treated with (piecemeal) endoscopic mucosal resection. Pretreatment diagnosis of endoscopic subtype, specifying areas of concern (nodule or depression), determines those LSTs at highest risk of containing SMI, where en bloc resection is the preferred therapy.
* Both authors contributed equally
Appendix e1, Fig. e3, Fig. e5, Fig. e7, Fig. e9, Fig. e11–e13, Tab. e2
Appendix e1 Supplementary method
- Data extractionThe reviewers independently extracted the following information onto standardized paper forms: author; country; publication year; enrollment period; duration of enrollment; setting (primary or referral center); study design (retrospective vs. prospective study); definitions of a laterally spreading tumor (LST); eligibility of the study for analyses (prevalence estimates vs. malignancy risk); mean/median age of the patients with LSTs; sex distribution; total number of patients examined; number of patients with at least one LST; number of patients with at least one colorectal neoplasm; number of LSTs; endoscopic features of each LST (location, size, endoscopic subtype) and their histopathology.
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