Normative Values of Y Balance Test and Isometric Muscle Strength among Saudi School Children

Abstract

Background To establish children-specific reference values for the Y-balance test (YBT) and Isometric muscle strength in school children of Saudi Arabia and to elucidate the relationship between YBT performance and lower limb muscle strength.

Materials & Methods Healthy School children (51 males) aged 12–15 years volunteered to participate in this study. Participants completed the YBT and maximal isometric muscle strength testing for knee extensors and flexors in a single testing session. Descriptive statistics were used to compute the YBT and muscle strength reference values. Paired t-tests were used to examine interlimb differences. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to quantify the linear relationships between YBT distances and lower limb strength.

Results Tabulated children-specific reference values were presented for the right, left, dominant and non-dominant limbs. Participants exhibited longer distance in the posteromedial direction standing on the right (p=0.04), stronger knee extensors (p=0.03) on the dominant side and stronger knee flexors in the right side (p=0.01) and in the dominant side (p=0.01). Knee flexors muscle strength was positively related to the reach distances of the YBT in both the right and the left lower extremity (P<0.05).

Conclusion The current study provided the reference value for the YBT and muscle strength for the knee extensors and flexors in male children in Saudi Arabia. The interlimb difference in YBT performance was noted in only the posteromedial direction and the dominant side had stronger knee flexors and extensors. Muscle strength of the knee flexors was positively related to the reach distance in the YBT.

Zusammenfassung

Ziel Bewertung spezifischer Referenzwerte für den Y-Balance-Test (YBT) und die isometrische Muskelkraft bei Schulkindern in Saudi-Arabien und die Beziehung zwischen YBT-Leistung und Muskelkraft in den unteren Extremitäten.

Materialien und Methoden Gesunde Schulkinder (51 Jungen) im Alter von 12 bis 15 Jahren konnten freiwillig an dieser Studie teilnehmen. Die Teilnehmer führten den YBT-Test und den Test für maximale isometrische Muskelkraft maximale isometrische Muskelkraft der Knieextensoren und Knieflexoren, in einer einzigen Test-Session aus. Eine beschreibende Statistik wurden verwendet, um die YBT und die Muskelkraft-Referenzwerte zu berechnen. Gepaarte t-Tests wurden verwendet, um Unterschiede in den unteren Gliedmaßen zu untersuchen. Der Pearson-Korrelationskoeffizient wurde verwendet, um die linearen Beziehungen zwischen YBT-Entfernungen und der Stärke der unteren Extremitäten zu quantifizieren.

Ergebnisse Die spezifischen Referenzwerte wurden für die rechte und die linke Seite dargestellt, jeweils für die dominanten und nicht-dominanten Gliedmaßen. Die Teilnehmer zeigten längere Distanzen in der posteromedialen Richtung auf der rechten Seite (p=0,04), stärkere Knieextensoren (p=0,03) auf der dominanten Seite und eine stärkere Kniebeugung auf der rechten Seite (p=0,01) und auf der dominanten Seite (p=0,01). Die Muskelkraft der Knieflexoren stand in (einem positiven) Zusammenhang mit dem erreichten Abstand zwischen rechter und linker unterer Extermität beim Y-Balance-Test/beim YBT (P<0,05).

Fazit Die aktuelle Studie lieferte Referenzwerte für den Y-Balancetest und die Muskelkraft beim Kniestrecken und Beugen bei männlichen Kindern in Saudi-Arabien. Die Unterschiede in den Gliedmaßen in der YBT-Leistung wurde nur in der posteromedialen Richtung bewertet und auf der dominanten Seite waren die Knieextensoren und Knieflexoren stärker. Die Muskelkraft der Knieflexoren stand in direktem Zusammenhang mit den erreichten Werten beim Y-Balance-Test/beim YBT.

Key words

dynamic balance - normative data - activity - muscle torque

Schlüsselwörter

dynamisches Gleichgewicht - normative Daten - Bewegung - Drehmomentwerte

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