Religiosität und psychische Gesundheit – was ist wissenschaftlich belegt?

Zusammenfassung

Zwei Metaanalysen über Religiosität und psychische Gesundheit decken die Jahre 1978 bis 2010 ab. In diesen Jahren haben mehr als 70 % der Studien ergeben, dass Religiosität ein protektiver Faktor für die psychische Gesundheit ist. Aufgeschlüsselt auf die ICD-10-Diagnosegruppen kann man mit hohen Evidenzgrad festhalten, dass bei drei psychiatrischen Diagnosegruppen (Depression, Suchterkrankungen und Suizidalität) eine statistisch signifikante Korrelation zwischen Religiosität und besserer psychischer Gesundheit besteht. Zudem besteht es eine gewisse wissenschaftliche Evidenz, bei neurotischen Störungen und organischen psychischen Störungen, dass eine statistisch signifikante Korrelation zwischen Religiosität und besserer psychischer Gesundheit besteht. Ungenügende Evidenz findet sich bei der bipolaren Störung und beim schizophrenen Formenkreis aufgrund der niedrigen Qualität der wenigen vorliegenden Studien und den widersprüchlichen Ergebnissen. Abschließend gibt es keine Evidenz über den Zusammenhang von Religiosität und Essstörungen, Sexualstörungen, Phobien, Zwangserkrankungen, Persönlichkeitsstörungen, somatoforme Störungen und dissoziative Störungen.

Abstract

Since 1978, two systematic evidence-based reviews of the available data on religiosity and mental health in the field of psychiatry have been done. More than 70 % found a relationship between level of religious/spiritual involvement and less mental disorder (positive), some found mixed results (positive and negative), and only about 5 % reported more mental disorder (negative), as was originally suggested by Sigmund Freud. There is good evidence that religious involvement is correlated with better mental health in the areas of depression, substance abuse, and suicide; some evidence in stress-related disorders and dementia; insufficient evidence in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, and no data in many other mental disorders.

Schlüsselwörter

Religiosität - psychische Gesundheit - Psychiatrie - Spiritualität

Keywords

religosity - mental health - psychiatry - spiritualiy

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