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Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2022; 43(02): 243-247
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1740334
Review Article

Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia/Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia and Ventilator-Associated Tracheobronchitis in COVID-19

Anahita Rouzé
1   CHU de Lille, Médecine Intensive-Réanimation, Lille, France
2   Inserm U1285, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille, France
,
Saad Nseir
1   CHU de Lille, Médecine Intensive-Réanimation, Lille, France
2   Inserm U1285, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille, France
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Abstract

Although few studies evaluated the incidence of hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) or ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis in COVID-19 patients, several studies evaluated the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in these patients. Based on the results of a large multicenter European study, VAP incidence is higher in patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia (36.1%), as compared with those with influenza pneumonia (22.2%), or no viral infection at intensive care unit (ICU) admission (16.5%). Potential explanation for the high incidence of VAP in COVID-19 patients includes long duration of invasive mechanical ventilation, high incidence of acute respiratory distress syndrome, and immune-suppressive treatment. Specific risk factors for VAP, including SARS-CoV-2-related pulmonary lesions, and bacteria–virus interaction in lung microbiota might also play a role in VAP pathogenesis. VAP is associated with increased mortality, duration of mechanical ventilation, and ICU length of stay in COVID-19 patients. Further studies should focus on the incidence of HAP especially in ICU non-ventilated patients, better determine the pathophysiology of these infections, and evaluate the accuracy of currently available treatment guidelines in COVID-19 patients.

Keywords

ventilator-associated pneumonia - ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis - hospital-acquired pneumonia - COVID-19 - SARS-CoV-2 - mechanical ventilation


Publication History

Article published online:
18 January 2022

© 2022. Thieme. All rights reserved.

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