Subscribe to RSS
DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1693018
Stem Cells and Plastic Surgery
Publication History
Publication Date:
02 August 2019 (online)
![](https://www.thieme-connect.de/media/sps/201903/lookinside/thumbnails/10-1055-s-0039-1693018_01207-1.jpg)
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells can help recreate a variety of different tissues. Stem cells are already in use in a variety of ways in the medical field but plastic surgeons have particular interest because of the constant need to produce additional tissue or mold existing tissue. More and more commercial products are being marketed with far-reaching goals and some with proven and promising results. In this article, the authors discuss the basic science behind stem cells and the theories on how they work. They then discuss some active uses of stem cells that should be understood by all plastic surgeons. The reader should then have an understanding and basis to evaluate new technologies and commercial products as they develop.
-
References
- 1 Odorico JS, Kaufman DS, Thomson JA. Multilineage differentiation from human embryonic stem cell lines. Stem Cells 2001; 19 (03) 193-204
- 2 Wu DC, Boyd AS, Wood KJ. Embryonic stem cell transplantation: potential applicability in cell replacement therapy and regenerative medicine. Front Biosci 2007; 12: 4525-4535
- 3 Martin MJ, Muotri A, Gage F, Varki A. Human embryonic stem cells express an immunogenic nonhuman sialic acid. Nat Med 2005; 11 (02) 228-232
- 4 Pomerantz J, Blau HM. Nuclear reprogramming: a key to stem cell function in regenerative medicine. Nat Cell Biol 2004; 6 (09) 810-816
- 5 Shin T, Kraemer D, Pryor J. , et al. A cat cloned by nuclear transplantation. Nature 2002; 415 (6874): 859
- 6 Polejaeva IA, Chen SH, Vaught TD. , et al. Cloned pigs produced by nuclear transfer from adult somatic cells. Nature 2000; 407 (6800): 86-90
- 7 Kato Y, Tani T, Sotomaru Y. , et al. Eight calves cloned from somatic cells of a single adult. Science 1998; 282 (5396): 2095-2098
- 8 Lee BC, Kim MK, Jang G. , et al. Dogs cloned from adult somatic cells. Nature 2005; 436 (7051): 641
- 9 Wakayama T, Perry AC, Zuccotti M, Johnson KR, Yanagimachi R. Full-term development of mice from enucleated oocytes injected with cumulus cell nuclei. Nature 1998; 394 (6691): 369-374
- 10 Wilmut I, Schnieke AE, McWhir J, Kind AJ, Campbell KH. Viable offspring derived from fetal and adult mammalian cells. Nature 1997; 385 (6619): 810-813
- 11 Gimble JM. Adipose tissue-derived therapeutics. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2003; 3 (05) 705-713
- 12 Takahashi K, Yamanaka S. Induction of pluripotent stem cells from mouse embryonic and adult fibroblast cultures by defined factors. Cell 2006; 126 (04) 663-676
- 13 Dimos JT, Rodolfa KT, Niakan KK. , et al. Induced pluripotent stem cells generated from patients with ALS can be differentiated into motor neurons. Science 2008; 321 (5893): 1218-1221
- 14 Hanna J, Wernig M, Markoulaki S. , et al. Treatment of sickle cell anemia mouse model with iPS cells generated from autologous skin. Science 2007; 318 (5858): 1920-1923
- 15 Wernig M, Zhao J-P, Pruszak J. , et al. Neurons derived from reprogrammed fibroblasts functionally integrate into the fetal brain and improve symptoms of rats with Parkinson's disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008; 105 (15) 5856-5861
- 16 Lane SW, Williams DA, Watt FM. Modulating the stem cell niche for tissue regeneration. Nat Biotechnol 2014; 32 (08) 795-803
- 17 Ambler CA, Watt FM. Adult epidermal Notch activity induces dermal accumulation of T cells and neural crest derivatives through upregulation of jagged 1. Development 2010; 137 (21) 3569-3579
- 18 To LB, Levesque J-P, Herbert KE. How I treat patients who mobilize hematopoietic stem cells poorly. Blood 2011; 118 (17) 4530-4540
- 19 Habib SJ, Chen B-C, Tsai F-C. , et al. A localized Wnt signal orients asymmetric stem cell division in vitro. Science 2013; 339 (6126): 1445-1448
- 20 Roth TL, Nayak D, Atanasijevic T, Koretsky AP, Latour LL, McGavern DB. Transcranial amelioration of inflammation and cell death after brain injury. Nature 2014; 505 (7482): 223-228
- 21 Goodman SL, Picard M. Integrins as therapeutic targets. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2012; 33 (07) 405-412
- 22 Byron A, Humphries JD, Askari JA, Craig SE, Mould AP, Humphries MJ. Anti-integrin monoclonal antibodies. J Cell Sci 2009; 122 (Pt 22): 4009-4011
- 23 North TE, Goessling W, Peeters M. , et al. Hematopoietic stem cell development is dependent on blood flow. Cell 2009; 137 (04) 736-748
- 24 Gale KL, Rakha EA, Ball G, Tan VK, Mcculley SJ, Douglas Macmillan R. A case-controlled study of the oncologic safety of fat grafting. Plast Reconstr Surg 2015; 135 (05) 1263-1275
- 25 Gir P, Oni G, Brown SA, Mojallal A, Rohrich RJ. Human adipose stem cells. Plast Reconstr Surg 2012; 129 (06) 1277-1290
- 26 Salinas HM. , et al. Comparative analysis of processing methods in fat grafting. Plast Reconstr Surg 2014; 134 (04) 675-683
- 27 Green H, Kehinde O, Thomas J. Growth of cultured human epidermal cells into multiple epithelia suitable for grafting. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1979; 76 (11) 5665-5668
- 28 Pereira C, Murphy K, Herndon D. Outcome measures in burn care. Is mortality dead?. Burns 2004; 30: 761-771
- 29 Epicel® (Cultured Epidermal Autografts): Patient Information. Cambridge, MA: Genzyme Biosurgery; 2007
- 30 Gallico III GG, O'Connor NE, Compton CC, Kehinde O, Green H. Permanent coverage of large burn wounds with autologous cultured human epithelium. N Engl J Med 1984; 311: 448-451
- 31 Cirodde A, Leclerc T, Jault P, Duhamel P, Lataillade J-J, Bargues L. Cultured epithelial autografts in massive burns: a single-center retrospective study with 63 patients. Burns 2011; 37 (06) 964-972
- 32 Sood R, Roggy D, Zieger M. , et al. Cultured epithelial autografts for coverage of large burn wounds in eighty-eight patients: the Indiana University experience. J Burn Care Res 2010; 31 (04) 559-568