Krebs und HIV-Infektion

Zusammenfassung

Tumore sind die zweithäufigste Todesursache von HIV-Patienten. Die Prävalenz von Tumorerkrankungen liegt in der nationalen Kohorte des BMBF-geförderten Kompetenznetzes HIV/ AIDS bei 8,9%. Das Kaposi-Sarkom ist mit 349 Fällen der am häufigsten dokumentierte Tumor. HHV-8 assoziierte Tumore (z. B. das Kaposi-Sarkom) werden durch molekulare Mimikry vermittelt. Die Optimierung der HIV-Therapie bleibt die wichtigste therapeutische Maßnahme. Chemotherapeutika werden bei den verschiedenen Tumorentitäten mit unterschiedlichem Erfolg eingesetzt. Während die Inzidenz des Kaposi-Sarkoms und der Non-Hodgkin-Lymphome nach Einführung der antiretroviralen Therapie deutlich abgenommen hat, nehmen nicht AIDS-definierende Tumore zu. Der häufigste nicht-AIDS definierende Tumor im Kompetenznetz ist das Analkarzinom mit 192 Fällen. HPV-Infektionen und Rauchen sind hierbei wichtige Risikofaktoren. Eine maximale Virussuppression, ein früher Beginn der antiretroviralen Therapie, Impfungen (gegen Hepatitis und HPV) und Screeningmaßnahmen (z. B. Proktoskopien) können Tumoren vorbeugen.

Summary

Tumours are the second most common cause of death in HIV patients. In the national cohort of the BMBF-funded German Competence Network for HIV/AIDS the prevalence of tumours is 8,9%. Kaposi´s sarcoma is the most common tumour with 349 documented cases. HHV-8 associated tumours (e.g. Kaposi´s sarcoma) are mediated through molecular mimicry. Optimization of HIV therapy is one of the most important therapeutic procedures. Chemotherapy is employed with variable success. While the incidence of Kaposi´s sarcoma and Non-Hodgkin´s Lymphoma are decreasing, the number of non-AIDS-defining tumours is increasing. The most common non-AIDS-defining tumour in the Competence Network for HIV/AIDS (KompNet) is anal cancer (192 cases). HPV infection and smoking are important risk factors. Maximal viral suppression, early start of antiretroviral therapy, vaccination (against hepatitis and HPV) and screening (e.g. proctoscopy) can help to prevent tumours.

Schlüsselwörter

HIV - Tumor - Kaposi Sarkom - Analkarzinom

Keywords

HIV - tumour - Kaposi´s sarcoma - anal cancer

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