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Tierarztl Prax Ausg K Kleintiere Heimtiere 2013; 41(03): 181-189
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1623704
Übersichtsartikel
Schattauer GmbH

Die Toxokarose des Hundes – wichtige Aspekte für die tierärztliche Praxis

Toxocarosis in dogs – important aspects for the veterinary practice
C. Strube
1   Institut für Parasitologie, Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover
,
E. Janecek
1   Institut für Parasitologie, Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover
,
L. Heuer
1   Institut für Parasitologie, Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover
› Institutsangaben
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Publikationsverlauf

Eingegangen: 26. Februar 2013

Akzeptiert nach Revision: 07. Mai 2013

Publikationsdatum:
08. Januar 2018 (online)

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Zusammenfassung

Die Infektion mit dem zoonotischen Spulwurm Toxocara canis zählt in Europa zu den häufigsten Helmintheninfektionen des Hundes. Adulte Tiere infizieren sich über die Aufnahme embryonierter Eier aus der Umwelt oder durch den Verzehr paratenischer Wirte. Welpen können sich transplazentar oder galaktogen über das Muttertier infizieren. Besondere Bedeutung hat die pränatale transplazentare Infektion, da die infizierten Neonaten frühzeitig große Mengen von Spulwurmeiern ausscheiden. Nach oraler Aufnahme der Eier kommt es zum Schlupf der Larven im Dünndarm, zur Penetration der Darmwand und, abhängig von Immunstatus und Infektionsweg, zur trachealen oder somatischen Wanderung. Klinisch manifestiert sich die Toxokarose bei jungen Welpen durch gastrointestinale Symptome, den charakteristischen trommelförmigen „Askaridenbauch” oder rachitische Erscheinungen. Bei besonders stark infizierten Tieren können Darmrupturen und infolgedessen eine tödliche Peritonitis auftreten. Beim Menschen als paratenischem Wirt kann eine Infektion mit T. canis die klinischen Bilder der Larva migrans visceralis, Larva migrans ocularis, Neurotoxokarose oder der so genannten „verdeckten („covert”) Toxokarose” hervorrufen. Aufgrund des zoonotischen Potenzials ist die Aufklärung der Tierbesitzer über die Biologie des Parasiten und die Notwendigkeit regelmäßiger anthelminthischer Behandlungen zur effektiven Bekämpfung von T. canis essenziell.

Summary

The zoonotic roundworm Toxocara canis is considered one of the most common gastrointestinal helminths in dogs in Europe. Infection occurs via embryonated eggs from the environment or the ingestion of paratenic hosts. Pups become infected via intrauterine or lactogenic transmission of larvae from the bitch. Prenatal infection results in major consequences because the infected neonates shed large amounts of T. canis eggs into the environment due to a lack of immunocompetence and the resulting inability to fight the infection. After oral ingestion of the eggs, larvae hatch in the small intestine and penetrate the mucosal intestinal wall. Depending on the immune status and the route of infection, either tracheal or somatic migration occurs. Clinical symptoms of Toxocara infections in pups include gastrointestinal symptoms like the typical pot belly or rachitic symptoms. High worm loads might even result in ruptures of the intestine with the consequence of lethal peritonitis. The infection in humans as paratenic host may lead to the clinical pattern of larva migrans visceralis, larva migrans ocularis, neurotoxocarosis or the so called “covert” toxocarosis. Based on the zoonotic potential, information concerning the biology of the parasite and the necessity of anthelmintic treatment to effectively control T. canis in dogs should be provided for the pet owner. This may lead to better parasite control and decreased environmental contamination.

Schlüsselwörter

Toxocara canis - Spulwürmer - Larva migrans visceralis - Zoonose - pränatale Infektion - Infektionswege - Anthelminthika - strategische Bekämpfung

Key words

Toxocara canis - roundworms - Larva migrans visceralis - zoonosis - prenatal infection - Infection routes - anthelmintics - control measures
 

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