Download PDF
Adipositas - Ursachen, Folgeerkrankungen, Therapie 2013; 07(01): 12-19
DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1618805
Originalarbeit
Schattauer GmbH

Körperliche Aktivität und subjektive Wahrnehmung des Wohnumfelds

Gibt es Unterschiede zwischen Übergewichtigen und Normalgewichtigen?Physical activity and perceived neighbourhood environmentAre there differences between normal weight and overweight people?
B. Wallmann-Sperlich
1   Inst. für Bewegungstherapie u. bewegungsorientierte Prävention u. Rehabilitation, Deutsche Sporthochschule Köln
,
A. Schaller
1   Inst. für Bewegungstherapie u. bewegungsorientierte Prävention u. Rehabilitation, Deutsche Sporthochschule Köln
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
21 December 2017 (online)

Also available at
    Permissions and Reprints

Zusammenfassung

Bewegungsmangel gilt als wesentlicher Einflussfaktor für Adipositas. Interventionsansätze zur Bewegungsförderung basieren bisher in erster Linie auf verhaltensorientierten Interventionsansätzen ohne Berücksichtigung des Wohnumfelds als möglichen Förderfaktor. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht auf Grundlage einer repräsentativen Querschnittbefragung für Deutschland, ob sich normal- und übergewichtige Erwachsene hinsichtlich körperlicher Aktivität und Wahrnehmung des Wohnumfelds unterscheiden. Des Weiteren wird der Zusammenhang zwischen körperlicher Aktivität und Wahrnehmung des Wohnumfelds geprüft. Normalgewichtige weisen eine signifikant höhere Transportaktivität und intensive Freizeitaktivität auf. Die subjektive Wahrnehmung des Wohnumfelds zeigt keine Unterschiede. Unabhängig vom BMI geht mit höherer Wohnbebauungsdichte eine erhöhte Transportaktivität einher. Für die Gruppe der Adipösen zeigen sich keine weiteren Korrelationen zwischen körperlicher Aktivität und der Wahrnehmung des Wohnumfelds. Aktivitätsfördernde Wohnumfelder könnten für Übergewichtige ein vielversprechender Ansatz in der Bewegungsförderung sein. Allerdings sollte zudem eine verhaltensbezogene Sensibilisierung für die aktivitätsbezogenen Möglichkeiten des Wohnumfelds erfolgen.

Summary

Lack of physical activity is an established risk factor when it comes to overweight or obesity. Until now most interventions promoting physical activity have been built on behavior oriented approaches without considering the neighbourhood environment as a possible correlate of physical activity. Our study analyses whether adults being of normal weight and overweight differ in terms of physical activity and perception of the neighbourhood environment. Furthermore, we examined the correlation between physical activity and perception of the neighbourhood environment. A representative cross-sectional survey from Germany provides the basis for this analysis.

People with normal weight are significantly more active with respect to transport activity and intensive leisure time activity. No significant results can be found for the perception of the neighbourhood environment differing for body weight. Independent from body weight there is a positive correlation between transport activity and residential density. No further correlation is found between physical activity and the perception of the environment for obese people. The built environment depicts a promising approach in physical active promotion. However, there is a need to raise peoples’ awareness of the physical activity possibilities in their neighbourhood environment.

Schlüsselwörter

Subjektive Wahrnehmung des Wohnumfelds - körperliche Aktivität - Übergewicht - Transportund Freizeitaktivität

Keywords

perceived neighbourhood environment - physical activity - overweight - transport- and leisuretime related physical activity
 

  • Literatur

  • 1 Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee. Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee Report. 2008. In: Services USDoHaH, editor. Washington: DC2008..
    Google Scholar
  • 2 Hauner H, Berg A. Körperliche Bewegung zur Prävention und Behandlung der Adipositas. Dtsch Arztebl International 2000 March 24 2000; 97 (12) 768.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 3 Kurth B-M. Erste Ergebnisse aus der “Studie zur Gesundheit Erwachsener in Deutschland” (DEGS). Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz 2012; 1-11.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 4 World Health Organization W. Global recommendations on physical activity for Health. 2010
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 5 Bauman AE, Sallis JF, Dzewaltowski DA, Owen N. Toward a better understanding of the influences on physical activity: the role of determinants, correlates, causal variables, mediators, moderators, and confounders. Am J Prev Med 2002; Aug; 23 (Suppl. 02) 5-14.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 6 Trost SG, Owen N, Bauman AE, Sallis JF, Brown W. Correlates of adults’ participation in physical activity: review and update. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2002; Dec; 34 (12) 1996-2001.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 7 Hillsdon M, Foster C, Thorogood M. Interventions for promoting physical activity. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2005 (01) CD003180.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 8 Bucksch J, Gruber J, Schneider S. Die Wohnumwelt und ihr Einfluss auf Gesundheitsverhalten. Prävention - Zeitschrift für Gesundheitsförderung 2011; 03: 71-74.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 9 Saelens BE, Handy SL. Built environment correlates of walking: a review. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2008; Jul; 40 (Suppl. 07) S550-566.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 10 Bauman AE, Reis RS, Sallis JF, Wells JC, Loos RJF, Martin BW. Correlates of physical activity: why are some people physically active and others not?. The Lancet 2012; 380 (9838): 258-271.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 11 Sallis JF, Bowles HR, Bauman A, Ainsworth BE, Bull FC, Craig CL. et al. Neighborhood environments and physical activity among adults in 11 countries. Am J Prev Med 2009; Jun; 36 (06) 484-90.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 12 Gebel K, Bauman A, Owen N. Correlates of NonConcordance between Perceived and Objective Measures of Walkability. Annals of Behavioral Medicine 2009; 37 (02) 228-238.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 13 Gebel K, Bauman AE, Sugiyama T, Owen N. Mismatch between perceived and objectively assessed neighborhood walkability attributes: Prospective relationships with walking and weight gain. Health & Place 2011; 17 (02) 519-524.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 14 Booth KM, Pinkston MM, Poston WS. Obesity and the built environment. J Am Diet Assoc 2005; May; 105 (01) (Suppl. 05) S110-117.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 15 Lovasi GS, Hutson MA, Guerra M, Neckerman KM. Built environments and obesity in disadvantaged populations. Epidemiol Rev 2009; 31: 7-20.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 16 Papas MA, Alberg AJ, Ewing R, Helzlsouer KJ, Gary TL, Klassen AC. The built environment and obesity. Epidemiol Rev 2007; 29: 129-143.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 17 Ding D, Gebel K. Built environment, physical activity, and obesity: what have we learned from reviewing the literature?. Health Place 2012; Jan; 18 (01) 100-105.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 18 Armstrong T, Bull F. Development of the World Health Organization Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). Journal of Public Health 2006; 14 (02) 66-70.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 19 Bull FC, Maslin TS, Armstrong T. Global physical activity questionnaire (GPAQ): nine country reliability and validity study. J Phys Act Health 2009; Nov; 06 (06) 790-804.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 20 Spittaels H, Foster C, Oppert JM, Rutter H, Oja P, Sjostrom M. et al. Assessment of environmental correlates of physical activity: development of a European questionnaire. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2009; 06: 39.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 21 Spittaels H, Verloigne M, Gidlow C, Gloanec J, Titze S, Foster C. et al. Measuring physical activityrelated environmental factors: reliability and predictive validity of the European environmental questionnaire ALPHA. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2010; 07 (01) 48.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 22 Tabachnick BG, Fidell LS. Using multivariate statistics. 5th ed.. Boston: Pearson Education; 2007
    Google Scholar
  • 23 Gordon-Larsen P, Nelson MC, Beam K. Associations among active transportation, physical activity, and weight status in young adults. Obes Res 2005; May; 13 (05) 868-875.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 24 Lindstrom M. Means of transportation to work and overweight and obesity: a population-based study in southern Sweden. Prev Med 2008; Jan; 46 (01) 22-28.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 25 Wagner A, Simon C, Ducimetiere P, Montaye M, Bongard V, Yarnell J. et al. Leisure-time physical activity and regular walking or cycling to work are associated with adiposity and 5 y weight gain in middle-aged men: the PRIME Study. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2001; Jul; 25 (07) 940-948.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 26 Rütten A, Abu-Omar K, Lampert T. T. Z. Körperliche Aktivität. In: Koch-Institut R. editor. Berlin: 2005
  • 27 Durand CP, Andalib M, Dunton GF, Wolch J, Pentz MA. A systematic review of built environment factors related to physical activity and obesity risk: implications for smart growth urban planning. Obes Rev 2011; May; 12 (05) e173-182.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 28 Saelens BE, Sallis JF, Frank LD. Environmental correlates of walking and cycling: findings from the transportation, urban design, and planning literatures. Ann Behav Med 2003; Spring; 25 (02) 80-91.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 29 Frank LD, Andresen MA, Schmid TL. Obesity relationships with community design, physical activity, and time spent in cars. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 2004; 27 (02) 87-96.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 30 Giles-Corti B, Macintyre S, Clarkson JP, Pikora T, Donovan RJ. Environmental and lifestyle factors associated with overweight and obesity in Perth, Australia. Am J Health Promot 2003; Sep-Oct; 18 (01) 93-102.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 31 Van Dyck D, Cardon G, Deforche B, Owen N, De Bourdeaudhuij I. Relationships between neighborhood walkability and adults’ physical activity: How important is residential self-selection?. Health Place 2011; Jul; 17 (04) 1011-1014.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 32 Frank LD, Saelens BE, Powell KE, Chapman JE. Stepping towards causation: do built environments or neighborhood and travel preferences explain physical activity, driving, and obesity?. Soc Sci Med 2007; Nov; 65 (09) 1898-1914.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar