Neue Hoffnung auf Impfstoffe gegen Rotaviren

Zusammenfassung

Rotaviren sind die häufigste Ursache für Durchfallerkrankungen im Kleinkindesalter. Während in unseren Regionen die Behandlung sich vergleichsweise einfach darstellt, sind Rotavirus-Enteritiden in den Ländern der dritten Welt ein wesentlich ernsteres Problem: Eines von 293 Kindern weltweit stirbt vor dem 5. Lebensjahr an den Folgen einer Rotaviruserkrankung. Jedes Jahr verursacht dieses Virus über 110 Millionen Erkrankungsfälle. Diese enormen Zahlen haben zu einer verstärkten Suche nach einem entsprechenden Impfstoff geführt. Nachdem in den USA Ende der letzten Dekade ein Impfstoff wegen schwerer Nebenwirkungen nach seiner Einführung rasch vom Markt genommen wurde, werden jetzt bald zwei verträgliche Impfstoffe zur Verfügung stehen. Damit besteht die Hoffnung, nicht nur ein schlagkräftiges Mittel gegen die Kindersterblichkeit in den Entwicklungsländern gefunden zu haben, sondern auch bei uns die wirtschaftlichen und sozialen Folgen der jährlichen Rotavirus-Epidemien deutlich reduzieren zu können.

Summary

Rotavirus is the most common cause for diarrhea in infancy. While treatment is considered relatively straightforward in Europe, rotavirus gastroenteritis presents a serious problem in developing countries due to lack of access to good health care: One of every 293 children < 5 years of age worldwide with rotavirus enteritis dies from the complication of the disease. Every year, this virus causes an excess of 110 million enteritis cases. This extremely high morbidity and mortality have spured research for a vaccine against rotavirus. At the end of the last decade, a licensed rotavirus vaccine was withdrawn in the US due to an increase of a rare adverse event. However, two new vaccines will be available soon, raising hopes anew for both a potent measure against children mortality in developing countries as well as an important reduction of economic and social consequences of the yearly rotavirus epidemics in Europe

Schlüsselwörter

Rotavirus - Enteritis - Durchfallerkrankung - Impfstoff

Keywords

Rotavirus - enteritis - diarrhea - vaccine

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