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Semin Liver Dis 2016; 36(04): 331-339
DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1593882
Review Article
Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

Bidirectional Communication between Liver and Gut during Alcoholic Liver Disease

Peter Stärkel
1   St. Luc University Hospital, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
,
Bernd Schnabl
2   Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
3   Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
› Author Affiliations
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Publication History

Publication Date:
20 December 2016 (online)

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Abstract

Alcoholic liver disease is a major medical burden. Alcohol abuse is the cause for end-stage liver disease in approximately 50% of all patients with cirrhosis. Chronic alcohol consumption is associated with changes in the composition of the intestinal microbiota and gut barrier dysfunction. The portal vein is the major communication route between the intestine and the liver. Increased intestinal permeability allows microbial components, bacteria, and metabolites to translocate to the liver. The liver communicates with the intestine via mediators in the systemic circulation and the biliary system. In this review, the authors describe the changes that occur in the intestinal microbiota with chronic alcohol consumption. They further review the bilateral communication between the liver and the gut, and discuss how this interaction affects the progression of alcoholic liver disease.

Keywords

gut–liver axis - microbiome - intestinal inflammation - intestinal barrier - metagenome - metabolome - bacterial translocation - steatohepatitis
 

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