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Synthesis 2017; 49(15): 3291-3302
DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1588846
DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1588846
short review
Cyclizations of Alkoxyallenes: Mechanisms, Intermediates, Products – A Personal Account on Solved and Unsolved Problems with Unique Allene Building Blocks
Further Information
Publication History
Received: 03 May 2017
Accepted: 05 May 2017
Publication Date:
06 June 2017 (online)
Dedicated to our friend and colleague Professor Herbert Mayr on the occasion of his 70th birthday
Abstract
The additions of lithiated alkoxyallenes to electrophiles, such as carbonyl compounds, thioketones, imines, and nitrones, provide the expected primary addition products. These alkoxyallene intermediates undergo ring-closure reactions under quite different conditions. Whereas allenyl hydroxylamine derivatives spontaneously cyclize to 1,2-oxazine derivatives, the related allenyl amines, thiols, and alcohols require, with distinct exceptions, promotion by acids, base, silver(I), or gold(I). The different mechanisms of these processes are discussed in this account. The serendipitous discovery of a novel three-component reaction of lithiated alkoxyallenes, nitriles, and carboxylic acids followed by a cyclization to pyridine derivatives is also reported and the mechanism involved is illustrated. This account also compiles exemplary examples of natural products and other compounds prepared by subsequent reactions of alkoxyallene-based cyclization products, but the fascinating ring-closing event of the allenyl intermediates is the main focus of this report.
1 Introduction
2 Cyclizations of Allenyl Hydroxylamines to 1,2-Oxazine Derivatives
3 Cyclizations of Allenyl Amines to Dihydropyrrole Derivatives
4 Cyclizations of Allenyl Imines to Pyrroles – Discovery of a New Three-Component Synthesis of Pyridines
5 Cyclizations of Allenyl Thiols to Vinylthiiranes and Dihydrothiophene Derivatives
6 Cyclizations of Allenyl Alcohols to Dihydrofuran Derivatives
7 Conclusions
-
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Reviews on lithiated alkoxyallenes summarizing the work of other groups:
Reviews:
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Reviews:
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