Download PDF
Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2016; 124(03): 167-172
DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1559781
Article
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Morphological Changes Caused by Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes in the Healthy Gingiva of Rats

A. Dağ
1   Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
,
E. T. Fırat
1   Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
,
E. Uysal
2   Department of Computer Tech. Programs, Diyarbakir Vocational School, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey
,
M. A. Ketani
3   Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
,
U. Şeker
4   Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

received 24 March 2015
first decision 12 August 2015

accepted 14 August 2015

Publication Date:
15 September 2015 (online)

Also available at
    Permissions and Reprints

Abstract

Background and Objective: Epidemiologic and clinical studies have indicated that diabetes is a risk factor for periodontal disease progression. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the morphological changes of gingiva in streptozotocin diabetic rats.

Material and Methods: 30 male Wistar rats that weighed 250–300 g were used in this study. The animals were randomly divided into 2 groups, one with streptozotocin-induced diabetes and another one with healthy (non-diabetic) animals. All rats were sacrificed after 21 days, and their maxillary first molars with surrounding tissues were observed morphological analyses.

Results: In this study, it was observed that the epithelial thickness was greater in the diabetes group, compared to the control group. The statistical comparison of the diabetes and control groups for the thickness of each of the layers of the epithelium demonstrated that the thickness of the keratinized (corneum), granular and basal layers had significantly increased in the diabetic animals. Furthermore, the diabetes group displayed a decrease in the height of the connective tissue papillae, which was found to be statistically insignificant. Another important finding detected in the diabetes group was the congestion of the gingival capillaries, which showed that blood circulation is impaired in diabetes cases.

Conclusion: On the basis of the results obtained in this study, it was concluded that streptozotocin-induced diabetes may increase predisposition to periodontal disease by causing morphological changes in the periodontal tissues.

Key words

morphological changes - gingiva - diabetic rats
 

  • References

  • 1 Mealey BL, Ocampo GL. Diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease. Periodontol 2000 2007; 44: 127-153
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 2 American Diabetes Association . Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care 2009; 32: S62-S67
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 3 Armitage GC. Development of a classification system for periodontal diseases and conditions. Ann Periodontol 1999; 4: 1-6
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 4 Löe H. Periodontal disease. The sixth complication of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care 1993; 16: 329-334
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 5 Bacic M, Plancak D, Granic M. CPITN assessment of periodontal disease in diabetic patients. J Periodontol 1988; 59: 816-822
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 6 Taylor GW. Bidirectional interrelationships between diabetes and periodontal diseases: an epidemiologic perspective. Ann Periodontol 2001; 6: 99-112
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 7 Campus G, Salem A, Uzzau S et al. Diabetes and periodontal disease: a case-control study. J Periodontol 2005; 76: 418-425
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 8 Bakhshandeh S, Murtomaa H, Mofid R et al. Periodontal treatment needs of diabetic adults. J Clin Periodontol 2007; 34: 53-57
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 9 Ryan ME, Carnu O, Kamer A. The influence of diabetes on the periodontal tissues. J Am Dent Assoc 2003; 1: 34S-40S
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 10 Soell M, Hassan M, Miliauskaite A et al. The oral cavity of elderly patients in diabetes. Diabetes Metab 2007; 1: S10-S18
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 11 Taıyeb-Alı TB, Cheta raman RP, Yaıthılıngam RD. Relationship between periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus: an Asian perspective. Periodontology 2000 2011; 56: 258-268
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 12 Hata Y, Suwa F, Imai H. Histological study of gingival epithelium in a type II diabetes mellitus rat model. J Osaka Dent Univ 2004; 38: 23-29
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 13 Kanemura N, Suwa F, Ueda M. Morphological study of gingival connective tissue papillae in type II diabetes model rats. J Osaka Dent Univ 2007; 41: 7-14
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 14 Chiba T, Sato S. Study of the change in the peripheral artery of spontaneously diabetic rat’s gingiva. Jpn J Conserv Dent 2010; 53: 15-24
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 15 Park JJ, Kang KL. Effect of 980-nm GaAlAs diode laser irradiation on healing of extraction sockets in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats: a pilot study. Lasers Med Sci 2012; 27: 223-230
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 16 Lam DW, LeRoith D. The worldwide diabetes epidemic. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2012; 19: 93-96
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 17 Lalla E, Cheng B, Lal S et al. Periodontal changes in children and adolescents with diabetes. Diabetes Care 2006; 29: 295-299
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 18 Kurtiş B, Develioğlu H, Taner IL et al. IL- 6 levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) from patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), adult periodontitis and healthy subjects. J Oral Sci 1999; 41: 163-167
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 19 Salvi GE, Beck JD, Offenbacher S et al. PGE2 and TNF-α responses in diabetics as modifiers of periodontal disease expression. Ann Periodontol 1998; 3: 40-50
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 20 Rose H. The relationship of hyperglycemia to periodontal disease. Journal of Periodontology 1973; 44: 303-308
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 21 Tukey JW. Some thoughts on clinical trials, especially problems of multiplicity. Science 1977; 198: 679-684
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 22 Kobayashi M, Kweon MN, Kuwata H et al. Toll-like receptor-dependent production of IL-12p40 causes chronic enterocolitis in myeloid cell-specific Stat3-deficient mice. J Clin Invest 2003; 111: 1297-1308
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 23 Yasuda K, Uemura M, Suwa F. Morphological Study of the Palatal Gingiva of the Maxillary First Molar in the Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Model Rat. Okajimas Folia Anat Jpn 2011; 88: 65-74
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 24 Monea A, Mezeı T, Monea M. The influence of diabetes mellitus on periodontal tissues: a histological study. Rom J Morphol Embryol 2012; 53: 491-495
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 25 Tazawa K. Effects of high glucose concentration on cell proliferation, in vitro wound healing and IL-1αproduction by the EGF-stimulated oral epithelial cell line, Ca9-22. Nihon Univ Dent J 2002; 76: 25-30
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 26 Spravchikov N, Sizyakov G, Gartsbein M et al. Glucose effects on skin keratinocytes: implications for diabetes skin complications. Diabetes 2001; 50: 1627-1635
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 27 Silva JA, Lorencini M, Reis JR et al. The influence of type II diabetes mellitus in periodontal disease induced changes of the gingival epithelium and connective tissue. Tissue Cell 2008; 40: 283-292
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 28 Schneir M, Imberman M, Ramamurthy N et al. Streptozotocin-induced diabetes and the rat periodontium: decreased relative collagen production. Coll Relat Res 1988; 8: 221-232
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 29 Um TJ, Jung UW, Kim CS et al. The influence of diabetes mellitus on periodontal tissue: a pilot study. J Periodontal Implant Sci 2010; 40: 49-55
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 30 Zhang L, Li X, Bi LJ. Alternations of collagen-1, MMP-1 and TIMP-1 in the periodontal ligament of diabetic rats under mechanical stress. J Periodontal Res 2011; 46: 448-455
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 31 Nelson DM, Curran EM. High glucose levels decrease proliferation of cultured human fetal cells from placenta. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1989; 161: 1553-1558
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 32 Mealey BL, Oates TW. Diabetes Mellitus and periodontal diseases. J Periodontol 2006; 77: 1289-303
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 33 Fırat ET, Dağ A. Bidirectional Relationship Between Diabetes Mellitus and Periodontitis: Review. Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Sci 2009; 29: 481-487
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 34 Dağ A, Fırat ET, Arıkan Ş et al. The Effect of Periodontal Therapy on Serum TNF-α and HbA1c Levels in Type 2 Diabetic Patients. Australian Dental journal 2009; 54: 17-22
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar