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Synthesis 2014; 46(21): 2965-2975
DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1378552
DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1378552
paper
Biscarboxy-Functionalized Imidazole and Palladium as Highly Active Catalytic System in Protic Solvents: Methanol and Water
Further Information
Publication History
Received: 30 June 2014
Accepted: 07 July 2014
Publication Date:
11 August 2014 (online)
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Abstract
The coupling reaction between aryl bromides and boron reagents is efficiently catalyzed by an in situ generated palladium complex obtained from palladium(II) acetate (0.1 mol%) and 1,3-bis(carboxymethyl)imidazole (0.2 mol%). The catalytic system is very active in protic solvents, especially in methanol. Biaryl derivatives have been prepared in good isolated yields (up to >99%), and additionally styrene and stilbene derivatives have also been prepared by means of this protocol.
Supporting Information
- for this article is available online at http://www.thieme-connect.com/products/ejournals/journal/ 10.1055/s-00000084.
- Supporting Information
-
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For palladium PEPPSI (pyridine enhanced precatalysts preparation, stabilization and initiation) complexes, see:
A design of experiments approach was considered for the first optimization process: