Arbeitsplatzunsicherheit vs. Arbeitslosigkeit: Trotz der Unterschiede im sozioökonomischen Status sind die Auswirkungen auf psychische Gesundheit und Inanspruchnahme von Gesundheitsleistungen ähnlich

Zusammenfassung

Das Wissen über differenzielle Effekte von Arbeitslosigkeit und unsicherer Beschäftigung auf die psychische Gesundheit und das Inanspruchnahmeverhalten ist von hoher Relevanz. Es fehlen Studien, die Arbeitslose und unsicher Beschäftigte in Bezug auf verschiedene Indikatoren von psychischer Gesundheit vergleichen und den mediierenden Effekt der psychischen Gesundheit auf die Inanspruchnahme untersuchen. Bei 161 Arbeitslosen, 218 unsicher und 957 sicher Beschäftigten wurden somatoforme Symptome, Angst, Depression, körperliche Gesundheit und Inanspruchnahmeverhalten erhoben. Arbeitslose und unsicher Beschäftigte zeigten eine stark beeinträchtigte psychische Gesundheit und ein erhöhtes Inanspruchnahmeverhalten. Die psychische Gesundheit mediierte vollständig den Zusammenhang zwischen Arbeitslosigkeit/unsicherer Beschäftigung und der erhöhten Inanspruchnahme. Die angemessene Versorgung bezüglich psychischer Beschwerden ist sowohl für Arbeitslose als auch für unsicher Beschäftigte nötig.

Abstract

Knowledge about differential effects of unemployment and job insecurity on mental health and health care utilization are of high relevance. There are no studies which compare unemployed persons and persons with an insecure job in terms of different mental health indicators, and which investigate the mediating effect of mental health on health care utilization. Somatoform symptoms, anxiety, depression, physical health, and health care utilization were assessed in 161 unemployed persons, 218 persons with an insecure job, and 957 securely employed persons. Unemployed persons and persons with an insecure job showed equally worse mental health than securely employed persons on average. They also had significantly higher health care utilization. Mental health was a full mediator between job insecurity and unemployment on the one hand and health care utilization on the other hand. An adequate mental health care is necessary for unemployed persons as well as for persons with an insecure job.

Schlüsselwörter

Unsicherheit im Job - Arbeitslosigkeit - psychische Gesundheit - Inanspruchnahme - Allgemeinbevölkerung

Keywords

job insecurity - unemployment - mental health - health care utilization - general population

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