Subscribe to RSS
DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1325483
Ösophageale Refluxdiagnostik – pH-Metrie, Impedanzmessung, Bilirubin-Messung: Empfehlungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Neurogastroenterologie und Motilität und der Arbeitsgruppe Neurogastroenterologie der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Verdauungs- und Stoffwechselkrankheiten
Diagnosis of Oesophageal Reflux by PH, Impedance, and Bilirubin Measurement: Recommendations of the German Society of Neurogastroenterology and of the Working Group for Neurogastroenterology of the German Society for Digestive and Metabolic DiseasesPublication History
28 July 2012
24 September 2012
Publication Date:
07 December 2012 (online)
Zusammenfassung
Die vorliegenden Empfehlungen für Indikationen, Durchführung und Interpretation der ösophagealen Refluxdiagnostik stellen eine Aktualisierung der Empfehlungen zur 24 h-pH-Metrie beim Erwachsenen von 2003 dar unter Berücksichtigung der aktuellen Publikationen sowie der neuen Techniken (kabellose) pH-Messung, Impedanz-Messung und Bilirubin-Messung (Bestimmung eines duodenogastroösophagealen Refluxes).
Abstract
The current recommendations on indications, technical performance, and interpretation of diagnostic techniques for oesophageal reflux update the German recommandations about 24 hour pH measurement of 2003. The recommendations encompass conventional pH measurement, wireless pH measurement, pH and impedance measurements, and bilirubin measurement (duodenogastro-oesophageal reflux).
-
Literatur
- 1 Tack J, Talley N, Camilleri M et al. Functional gastroduodenal disorders. Gastroenterology 2006; 130: 1466-1479
- 2 Xiao Y, Peng S, Tao J et al. Prevalence and symptom pattern of pathologic esophageal acid reflux in patients with functional dyspepsia based on the Rome III criteria. Am J Gastroenterol 2010; 105: 2626-2631 . Epub 2010 Sep 7
- 3 Kaji M, Fujiwara Y, Shiba M et al. Prevalence of overlaps between GERD, FD and IBS and impact on health-related quality of life. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2010; 25: 1151-1156
- 4 Reimer C, Søndergaard B, Hilsted L et al. Proton-pump inhibitor therapy induces acid-related symptoms in healthy volunteers after withdrawal of therapy. Gastroenterology 2009; 137: 80-87, 87.e1 . Epub 2009 Apr 10
- 5 Lacy B, Weiser K, Chertoff J et al. The diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Am J Med 2010; 123: 583-592 . Epub 2010 May 20
- 6 Kahrilas P, Quigley E. American Gastroenterological Association medical position statement: guidelines on the use of esophageal pH recording. Gastroenterology 1996; 110: 1981-1996
- 7 Savarino E, Marabotto E, Zentilin P et al. The added value of impedance-pH monitoring to Rome III criteria in distinguishing functional heartburn from non-erosive reflux disease. Dig Liver Dis 2011; 43: 542-547 . Epub 2011 Mar 3
- 8 Pandolfino J, Richter J, Ours T et al. Ambulatory esophageal pH monitoring using a wireless system. Am J Gastroenterol 2003; 98: 740-749
- 9 Tseng D, Rizvi A, Fennerty M et al. Forty-eight-hour pH monitoring increases sensitivity in detecting abnormal esophageal acid exposure. J Gastrointest Surg 2005; 9: 1043-1051
- 10 Davies H. Anginal pain of esophageal origin: clinical presentation, prevalence and prognosis. Am J Med 1992; 92 (Suppl. 05) 5S-10S
- 11 DeMeester T, O’Sullivan G, Bermudez G et al. Esophageal function in patients with angina-type chest pain and normal coronary angiograms. Ann Surg 1982; 196: 488-498
- 12 Fennerty M. Extraesophageal gastroesophageal reflux disease. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 1999; 28: 861-873
- 13 Katz P, Castell D. Approach to the patient with unexplained chest pain. Am J Gastroenterol 2000; 95 (Suppl. 08) S4-S8
- 14 Lam H, Dekker W, Kann G et al. Acute noncardiac chest pain in a coronary care unit. Evaluation by 24-hour pressure and pH recording of the esophagus. Gastroenterology 1992; 102: 453-460
- 15 Lux G, Orth K, Boskurt T. Nicht-kardialer Thoraxschmerz – eine Erkrankung der Speiseröhre?. Dtsch Med Wschr 1995; 120: 1748-1755
- 16 Richter J. Overview of diagnostic testing for chest pain of unknown origin. Am J Med 1992; 92 (Suppl. 05) 41-45S
- 17 Singh S, Richter J, Hewson E et al. The contribution of gastroesophageal reflux to chest pain in patients with coronary artery disease. Ann Intern Med 1992; 117: 824-830
- 18 Smout A, Lam H, Breumelhof R. Ambulatory esophageal monitoring in noncardiac chest pain. Am J Med 1992; 92 (Suppl. 05) 74-83S
- 19 Stein H, DeMeester T. Therapy of noncardiac chest pain: is there a role for surgery?. Am J Med 1992; 92 (Suppl. 05) 122-128S
- 20 Ward B, Wu W, Richter J et al. Long-term follow-up of symptomatic status of patients with noncardiac chest pain: is diagnosis of esophageal etiology helpful?. Am J Gastroenterol 1987; 82: 215-218
- 21 Kim B, Choi S, Kim J et al. Pathological bolus exposure plays a significant role in eliciting non-cardiac chest pain. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2010; 25: 1855-1860
- 22 Breumelhof R, Nadorp J, Akkermans L et al. Analysis of 24-hour esophageal pressure and pH data in unselected patients with noncardiac chest pain. Gastroenterology 1990; 99: 1257-1264
- 23 Garcia-Pulido J, Patel P, Hunter W et al. Esophageal contribution to chest pain in patients with coronary artery disease. Chest 1990; 98: 806-810
- 24 Midell A, Evander A, DeMeester T et al. A study of the interrelationship between esophageal disease and coronary artery disease as the cause of chest pain. In: Siewert JR, Hölscher AH, (eds) Diseases of the esophagus. New York: Springer-Verlag; 1987. 1. 1092-1102
- 25 Davies H, Page Z, Rush E et al. Oesophageal stimulation lowers exertional angina threshold. Lancet 1985; 1: 1011-1014
- 26 Achem S, Kolts B. Current medical therapy for esophageal motility disorders. Am J Med 1992; 92 (Suppl. 05) 98-105S
- 27 Achem S, Kolts B, MacMath T et al. Effects of omeprazole versus placebo in treatment of noncardiac chest pain and gastroesophageal reflux. Dig Dis Sci 1997; 42: 2138-2145
- 28 Armstrong D, Emde C, Inauen W et al. Diagnostic assessment of gastroesophageal reflux disease: what is possible vs what is practical. Hepatogastroenterology 1992; 39 (Suppl. 01) 3-13
- 29 Katzka D, Castell D. Successful elimination of reflux symptoms does not insure adequate control of acid reflux in patients with Barrett’s esophagus. Am J Gastroenterol 1994; 89: 989-991
- 30 Ouatu-Lascar R, Triadafilopoulos G. Complete elimination of reflux symptoms does not guarantee normalization of intraesophageal acid reflux in patients with Barrett’s esophagus. Am J Gastroenterol 1998; 93: 711-716
- 31 Gerson L, Boparai V, Ullah N et al. Oesophageal and gastric pH profiles in patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and Barrett’s oesophagus treated with proton pump inhibitors. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2004; 20: 637-643
- 32 Fass R, Sampliner R, Malagon I et al. Failure of oesophageal acid control in candidates for Barrett’s oesophagus reversal on a very high dose of proton pump inhibitor. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2000; 14: 597-602
- 33 Ouatu-Lascar R, Fitzgerald R, Triadafilopoulos G. Differentiation and proliferation in Barrett’s esophagus and the effects of acid suppression. Gastroenterology 1999; 117: 327-335
- 34 Clemons N, McColl K, Fitzgerald R. Nitric oxide and acid induce double-strand DNA breaks in Barrett’s esophagus carcinogenesis via distinct mechanisms. Gastroenterology 2007; 133: 1198-1209
- 35 Souza R. Molecular mechanisms of acid exposure in Barrett’s esophagus. Inflammopharmacology 2007; 15: 95-100
- 36 de Bortoli N, Martinucci I, Piaggi P et al. Randomised clinical trial: twice daily esomeprazole 40 mg vs. pantoprazole 40 mg in Barrett’s oesophagus for 1 year. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2011; 33: 1019-1027
- 37 Srinivasan R, Katz P, Ramakrishnan A et al. Maximal acid reflux control for Barrett’s oesophagus: feasible and effective. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2001; 15: 519-524
- 38 El-Serag H, Aguirre T, Davis S et al. Proton pump inhibitors are associated with reduced incidence of dysplasia in Barrett’s esophagus. Am J Gastroenterol 2004; 99: 1877-1883
- 39 Sharma P, Sampliner R, Camargo E. Normalization of esophageal pH with high-dose proton pump inhibitor therapy does not result in regression of Barrett’s esophagus. Am J Gastroenterol 1997; 92: 582-585
- 40 Wang K, Sampliner R. Practice Parameters Committee of the American College of Gastroenterology. Updated guidelines 2008 for the diagnosis, surveillance and therapy of Barrett’s esophagus. Am J Gastroenterol 2008; 103: 788-797
- 41 Spechler S, Sharma P, Souza R et al. American Gastroenterological Association medical position statement on the management of Barrett’s esophagus. Gastroenterology 2011; 140: 1084-1091
- 42 Cooper B, Chapman W, Neumann C et al. Continuous treatment of Barrett’s oesophagus patients with proton pump inhibitors up to 13 years: observations on regression and cancer incidence. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2006; 15; 23: 727-733
- 43 Slaughter J, Goutte M, Rymer J et al. Caution about overinterpretation of symptom indexes in reflux monitoring for refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2011; 9: 868-874
- 44 Raman A, Sternbach J, Babajide A et al. When does testing for GERD become cost effective in an integrated health network?. Surg Endosc 2010; 24: 1245-1249
- 45 Ang D, Ang T, Teo E et al. Is impedance pH monitoring superior to the conventional 24-h pH meter in the evaluation of patients with laryngorespiratory symptoms suspected to be due to gastroesophageal reflux disease?. J Dig Dis 2011; 12: 341-348
- 46 Del Genio G, Tolone S, Del Genio F et al. Prospective assessment of patient selection for antireflux surgery by combined multichannel intraluminal impedance pH monitoring. J Gastrointest Surg 2008; 12: 1491-1496
- 47 Karamanolis G, Kotsalidis G, Triantafyllou K et al. Yield of Combined Impedance-pH Monitoring for Refractory Reflux Symptoms in Clinical Practice. J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2011; 17: 158-163
- 48 Mainie I, Tutuian R, Agrawal A et al. Combined multichannel intraluminal impedance-pH monitoring to select patients with persistent gastro-oesophageal reflux for laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication. Br J Surg 2006; 93: 1483-1487
- 49 Conchillo J, Schwartz M, Selimah M et al. Role of intra-oesophageal impedance monitoring in the evaluation of endoscopic gastroplication for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2007; 26: 61-68
- 50 Yigit T, Quiroga E, Oelschlager B et al. Multichannel intraluminal impedance for the assessment of post fundoplication dysphagia. Dis Esophagus 2006; 19: 382-388
- 51 Arnold B, Dunst C, Gill A et al. Postoperative Impedance-pH Testing is Unreliable After Nissen Fundoplication With or Without Giant Hiatal Hernia Repair. J Gastrointest Surg 2011; 15: 1506-1512
- 52 Pehl C, Wendl B, Greiner I et al. Abnormal oesophageal pH-monitoring in patients with functional thoracic and abdominal disorders. Gastroenterol Clin Biol 1995; 19: 367-372
- 53 Pfeiffer A, Aronbayev J, Schmidt T et al. Gastric emptying, esophageal 24-hour pH and gastric potential difference measurements in non-ulcer dyspepsia. Gastroenterol Clin Biol 1992; 16: 395-400
- 54 Savarino E, Pohl D, Zentilin P et al. Functional heartburn has more in common with functional dyspepsia than with non-erosive reflux disease. Gut 2009; 58: 1185-1191
- 55 Cherry J, Margulies S. Contact uler of the larynx. Laryngoscope 1968; 78: 1937-1940
- 56 Labenz J. Facts and fantasies in extra-oesophageal symptoms in GORD. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2010; 24: 893-904
- 57 Vakil N, van Zanten S, Kahrilas P et al. The Montreal definition and classification of gastroesophageal reflux disease: a global evidence-based consensus. Am J Gastroenterol 2006; 101: 1900-1920
- 58 Lazarchik D, Filler S. Dental erosion: predominant oral lesion in gastroesophageal reflux disease. Am J Gastroenterol 2000; 95: S33-S38
- 59 Lazarchik D, Filler S. Effects of gastroesophageal reflux on the oral cavity. Am J Med 1997; 103 (Suppl. 05) 107-113
- 60 Schroeder P, Filler S, Ramirez B et al. Dental erosion and acid reflux disease. Ann Intern Med 1995; 122: 809-815
- 61 Sudhoff H, Euteneuer S, Dazert S et al. Gastroösophagealer Reflux-Ursache von Otitis media mit Erguss im Kindesalter?. HNO 2004; 52: 8-10
- 62 Tasker A, Dettmar P, Panetti M et al. Is gastric reflux a cause of otitis media with effusion in children?. Laryngoscope 2002; 112: 1930-1935
- 63 Flook E, Kumar B. Is there evidence to link acid reflux with chronic sinusitis or any nasal symptoms? A review of the evidence. Rhinology 2011; 49: 11-16
- 64 Vaezi M, Hagaman D, Slaughter J. Proton pump inhibitor therapy improves symptoms in postnasal drainage. Gastroenterology 2010; 139: 1887-1893 . Epub 2010 Aug 27
- 65 Tae K, Jin B, Ji Y et al. The role of laryngopharyngeal reflux as a risk factor in laryngeal cancer: a preliminary report. Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol 2011; 4: 101-104 . Epub 2011 May 31
- 66 Ford C. GERD-related chronic laryngitis: pro. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2010; 136: 910-913
- 67 Gatta L, Vaira D, Sorrenti G et al. Meta-analysis: the efficacy of proton pump inhibitors for laryngeal symptoms attributed to gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2007; 25: 385-392
- 68 Quadeer M, Phillips C, Lopez A et al. Proton pump inhibitor therapy for suspected GERD-related chronic laryngitis: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Gastroenterol 2006; 101: 2646-2654 . Epub 2006 Oct 13
- 69 Hopkins C, Yousaf U, Pedersen M. Acid reflux treatment for hoarseness. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006; 1: CD005054
- 70 Vaezi M. Gastroesophageal reflux-related chronic laryngitis: con. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2010; 136: 908-909
- 71 Vaezi M. Review article: the role of pH monitoring in extraoesophageal gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2006; 23 (Suppl. 01) 40-49
- 72 Jacob P, Kahrilas P, Herzon G. Proximal esophageal pH-metry in patients with ‘reflux laryngitis’. Gastroenterology 1991; 100: 305-310
- 73 Mc Collough M, Jabbar A, Caccione R et al. Proximal sensor data from routine dual-sensor esophageal pH monitoring is often inaccurate. Dig Dis Sci 2004; 49: 1607-1611
- 74 Postma G. Ambulatory pH monitoring methodology. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2000; 184: 10-14
- 75 Dobhan R, Castell D. Normal and abnormal proximal esophageal acid exposure: results of ambulatory dual-probe monitoring. Am J Gastroenterol 1993; 88: 25-29
- 76 Ceccati P, Mariottini M, Agnolucci A et al. Acid exposure of proximal esophagus in healthy subjects. Minverva Gastroenterol Dietol 1998; 44: 129-134
- 77 Ayazi S, Hagen J, Zehetner J et al. Proximal esophageal pH monitoring: improved definition of normal values and determination of a composite pH Score. J Am Coll Surg 2010; 210: 345-350
- 78 Oelschlager B, Quiroga E, Isch J et al. Gastroesophageal and pharyngeal reflux detection using impedance and 24-hour pH monitoring in asymptomatic subjects: defining the normal environment. J Gastrointest Surg 2006; 10: 54-62
- 79 Kawamura O, Aslam M, Rittmann T et al. Physical and pH properties of gastroesophagopharyngeal refluxate: a 24-hour simultaneous ambulatory impedance and pH monitoring study. Am J Gastroenterol 2004; 99: 1000-1010
- 80 Patterson N, Mainie I, Rafferty G et al. Nonacid reflux episodes reaching the pharynx are important factors associated with cough. J Clin Gastroenterol 2009; 43: 414-419
- 81 Samuels T, Johnston N. Pepsin as a causal agent of inflammation during nonacidic reflux. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2009; 141: 559-563
- 82 Mazzini Gda S, Gurski R. Impact of laparoscopic fundoplication for the treatment of laryngopharyngeal reflux: review of the literature. Int J Otolaryngol 2012; 2012: 291472 . Epub 2011 Dec 15
- 83 Chiou E, Rosen R, Jiang H et al. Diagnosis of supra-esophageal gastric reflux: correlation of oropharyngeal pH with esophageal impedance monitoring for gastro-esophageal reflux. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2011; 23: 717-e326 . Epub 2011 May 18 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2011.01726.x.
- 84 Wang A, Liang M, Jiang A et al. Predictors of acid suppression success in patients with chronic laryngitis. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2012; 25 . [Epub ahead of print]
- 85 Sun G, Muddana S, Slaughter J et al. A new pH catheter for laryngopharyngeal reflux: Normal values. Laryngoscope 2009; 119: 1639-1643
- 86 Chheda N, Seybt M, Schade R et al. Normal values for pharyngeal pH monitoring. Ann Oncol Rhinol Laryngol 2009; 118: 166-171
- 87 Wiener G, Tsukashima R, Wolf E et al. Oropharyngeal pH monitoring for the detection of liquid and aerosolized supraesophageal gastric reflux. J Voice 2009; 23: 498-504
- 88 Golub J, Johns M, Lim J et al. Comparison of an oropharyngeal pH probe and a standard dual pH probe for diagnosis of laryngoesophageal reflux. Ann Oncol Rhinol Laryngol 2009; 118: 1-5
- 89 Ayazi S, Lipham J, Hagen J et al. A new technique for measurement of pharyngeal pH: normal values and discriminating pH threshold. J Gastrointest Surg 2009; 13: 1422-1429 . Epub 2009 May 7
- 90 Vincent D, Garrett J, Radionoff S et al. The proximal probe in esophageal pH monitoring: development of a normative database. J Voice 2000; 14: 247-254
- 91 Ing A. Cough and gastroesophageal reflux. Am J Med 1997; 103 05a 915-965
- 92 Irwin R, Madison J, Fraire A. The Cough reflex and its relation to gastroesophageal reflux. Am J Med 2000; 108 (Suppl. 04) 73S-78S
- 93 Irwin R, Richter J. Gastroesophageal reflux and chronic cough. Am J Gastroenterol 2000; 95 (Suppl. 08) S9-S14
- 94 Irwin R, Zawacki J. Accurately diagnoxing and successfully treating chronic cough due to gastroesophageal reflux disease can be difficult. Am J Gastroenterol 1999; 94: 3095-3098
- 95 Ours T, Kavuru M, Schilz R et al. A prospective evaluation of esophageal testing and a double-blind, randomizes study of omeprazole in a diagnostic and therapeutic algorithm for chronic cough. Am J Gastroenterol 1999; 94: 3131-3138
- 96 Jaspersen D, Kulig M, Labenz J. Prevalence of extra-oesophageal reflux disease: an analysis based on the ProGERD Study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2003; 17: 1515-1520
- 97 Kollarik M, Ru F, Undem B. Acid-sensitive vagal sensory pathways and cough. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2007; 20: 402-411 Epub 2006 Dec13
- 98 Tobey N, Carson J, Alkiek R et al. Dilated intercellular spaces: a morphological feature of acid reflux-damaged human esophageal epithelium. Gastroenterology 1996; 111: 1200e5
- 99 Farré R, De Vos R, Geboes K et al. Critical role of stress in increased oesophageal mucosa permeability and dilated intercellular spaces. Gut 2007; 56: 1191e7
- 100 Harding S, Richter J. The role of gastroesophageal reflux in chronic cough and asthma. Chest 1997; 111: 1389-1402
- 101 Ing A, Ngu M, Breslin A. Chronic persistent cough and gastro-oesophageal reflux. Thorax 1991; 46: 479-483
- 102 Shaheen N, Crockett S, Bright S et al. Randomised clinical trial: high-dose acid suppression for chronic cough – a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2011; 33: 225-234 . Epub 2010 Nov 17
- 103 Kiljander T, Salomaa E, Hietanen E et al. Chronic cough and gastro-oesophageal reflux: a double-blind placebo-controlled study with omeprazole. Eur Respir J 2000; 16: 633-638
- 104 Chang A, Lasserson T, Gaffney J et al. Gastro-oesophageal reflux treatment for prolonged non-specific cough in children and adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011; 1: CD004823
- 105 Irwin R, Zawacki J, Wilson M et al. Chronic cough due to gastroesophageal reflux disease: failure to resolve despite total/near-total elimination of esophageal acid. Chest 2002; 121: 1132-1144
- 106 Benini L, Ferrari M, Sembenini C et al. Cough threshold in reflux oesophagitis: influence of acid and of laryngeal and oesophageal damage. Gut 2000; 46: 762-767
- 107 Bajbouj M, Becker V, Neuber M et al. Combined pH-metry/impedance monitoring increases the diagnostic yield in patients with atypical gastroesophageal reflux symptoms. Digestion 2007; 76: 223-228 . Epub 2007 Dec 21
- 108 Sifrim D, Dupont L, Blondeau K et al. Weakly acidic reflux in patients with chronic unexplained cough during 24 hour pressure, pH, and impedance monitoring. Gut 2005; 54: 449-454
- 109 Blondeau K, Dupont L, Mertens V et al. Improved diagnosis of gastro-oesophageal reflux in patients with unexplained chronic cough. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2007; 25: 723-732
- 110 Tutuian R, Mainie I, Agrawal A et al. Nonacid reflux in patients with chronic cough on acid-suppressive therapy. Chest 2006; 130: 386-391
- 111 Rakita S, Villadolid D, Thomas A et al. Laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication offers high patient satisfaction with relief of extraesophageal symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Am Surg 2006; 72: 207-212
- 112 Van der Westhuizen L, Von S, Wilkerson B et al. Impact of Nissen fundoplication on laryngopharyngeal reflux symptoms. Am Surg 2011; 77: 878-882
- 113 Brown S, Gyawali C, Melman L et al. Clinical outcomes of atypical extra-esophageal reflux symptoms following laparoscopic antireflux surgery. Surg Endosc 2011; 25: 3852-3858
- 114 Iqbal M, Batch A, Spychal R et al. Outcome of surgical fundoplication for extraesophageal (atypical) manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux disease in adults: a systematic review. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2008; 18: 789-796
- 115 Paterson W, Murat B. Combined ambulatory esophageal manometry and dual-probe pH-metry in evaluation of patients with chronic unexplained cough. Dig Dis Sci 1994; 39: 1117-1125
- 116 Bogte A, Bredenoord A, Smout A. Diagnostic yield of oesophageal pH monitoring in patients with chronic unexplained cough. Scand J Gastroenterol 2008; 43: 13-19
- 117 Smith J, Decalmer S, Kelsall A et al. Acoustic cough-reflux associations in chronic cough: potential triggers and mechanisms. Gastroenterology 2010; 139: 754-762 . Epub 2010 Jun 20
- 118 Chang A, Connor F, Petsky H et al. An objective study of acid reflux and cough in children using an ambulatory pHmetry-cough logger. Arch Dis Child 2011; 96: 468-472 . Epub 2010 Jun 1
- 119 Blondeau K, Mertens V, Dupont L et al. The relationship between gastroesophageal reflux and cough in children with chronic unexplained cough using combined impedance-pH-manometry recordings. Pediatr Pulmonol 2010; [Epub ahead of print]
- 120 Tuchman D, Boyle J, Pack A et al. Comparison of airway responses following tracheal or esophageal acidification in the cat. Gastroenterology 1984; 87: 872-881
- 121 Allen G, Leclair T, von Reyn J et al. Acid aspiration-induced airways hyperresponsiveness in mice. J Appl Physiol 2009; 107: 1763-1770
- 122 Jack C, Calverley P, Donnelly R et al. Simultaneous tracheal and oesophageal pH measurements in asthmatic patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux. Thorax 1995; 50: 201-204
- 123 Gold B. Asthma and gastroesophageal reflux disease in children: exploring the relationship. J Pediatr 2005; 146: S13-S20
- 124 Harding S, Guzzo M, Richter J. The prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux in asthma patients without reflux symptoms. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000; 162: 34-39
- 125 Kiljander T, Laitinen J. The prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease in adult asthmatics. Chest 2004; 126: 1490-1494
- 126 Leggett J, Johnston B, Mills M et al. Prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux in difficult asthma: relationship to asthma outcome. Chest 2005; 127: 1227-1231
- 127 Littner M, Leung F, Ballard E et al. Effects of 24 weeks of lansoprazole therapy on asthma symptoms, exacerbations, quality of life, and pulmonary function in adult asthmatic patients with acid reflux symptoms. Chest 2005; 128: 1128-1135
- 128 Kiljander T, Harding S, Field S et al. Effects of esomeprazole 40 mg twice daily on asthma: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2006; 173: 1091-1097
- 129 Mastronarde J, Anthonisen N, Castro M et al. Efficacy of esomeprazole for treatment of poorly controlled asthma. N Engl J Med 2009; 360: 1487-1499
- 130 Chan W, Chiou E, Obstein K et al. The efficacy of proton pump inhibitors for the treatment of asthma in adults: a meta-analysis. Arch Intern Med 2011; 171: 620-629
- 131 Tutuian R, Mainie I, Agrawal A et al. Nonacid reflux in patients with chronic cough on acid-suppressive therapy. Chest 2006; 130: 386-391
- 132 Pacheco-Galván A, Hart S, Morice A. Relationship between gastro-oesophageal reflux and airway diseases: the airway reflux paradigm. Arch Bronconeumol 2011; 47: 195-203 . Epub 2011 Apr 2
- 133 Hershcovici T, Jha L, Johnson T et al. Systematic review: the relationship between interstitial lung diseases and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2011; 34: 1295-1305 . Epub 2011 Oct 17
- 134 Moraes-Filho J, Navarro-Rodriguez T, Barbuti R et al. Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of gastroesophageal reflux disease: an evidence-based consensus. Arq Gastroenterol 2010; 47: 99-115
- 135 Pauwels A, Decraene A, Blondeau K et al. Bile acids in sputun and increased airway inflammation in patients with cystic fibrosis. Chest 2012; 141: 1568-1574 . Epub 2011 Dec 1
- 136 Blondeau K, Dupont L, Mertens V et al. Gastro-oesophageal reflux and aspiration of gastric contents in adult patients with cystic fibrosis. Gut 2008; 57: 1049-1055 . Epub 2008 Mar 27
- 137 Fass R. Proton pump inhibitor failure – what are the therapeutic options?. Am J Gastroenterol 2009; 104 (Suppl. 02) S33-S38
- 138 Inadomi J, McIntyre L, Bernard L et al. Step-down from multiple- to single-dose proton pump inhibitors (PPIs): a prospective study of patients with heartburn or acid regurgitation completely relieved with PPIs. Am J Gastroenterol 2003; 98: 1940-1944
- 139 Carlsson R, Dent J, Watts R et al. Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease in primary care: an international study of different treatment strategies with omeprazole. International GORD Study Group. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1998; 10: 119-124
- 140 Martinez S, Malagon I, Garewal H et al. Non-erosive reflux disease (NERD) – acid reflux and symptom patterns. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2003; 17: 537-545
- 141 Bardhan K. The role of proton pump inhibitors in the treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1995; 9 (Suppl. 01) 15-25
- 142 Fass R, Fennerty M, Vakil N. Nonerosive reflux disease – current concepts and dilemmas. Am J Gastroenterol 2001; 96: 303-314
- 143 Fass R, Sampliner R. Barrett’s oesophagus: optimal strategies for prevention and treatment. Drugs 2003; 63: 555-564
- 144 Fass R. Proton-pump inhibitor therapy in patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease: putative mechanisms of failure. Drugs 2007; 67: 1521-1530
- 145 Dean B, Gano Jr A, Knight K et al. Effectiveness of proton pump inhibitors in nonerosive reflux disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2004; 2: 656-664
- 146 Richter J. How to manage refractory GERD. Nat Clin Pract Gastroenterol Hepatol 2007; 4: 658-664
- 147 Fass R, Sifrim D. Management of heartburn not responding to proton pump inhibitors. Gut 2009; 58: 295-309
- 148 Vela M, Camacho-Lobato L, Srinivasan R et al. Simultaneous intraesophageal impedance and pH measurement of acid and nonacid gastroesophageal reflux: effect of omeprazole. Gastroenterology 2001; 120: 1599-1606
- 149 Mainie I, Tutuian R, Shay S et al. Acid and non-acid reflux in patients with persistent symptoms despite acid suppressive therapy: a multicentre study using combined ambulatory impedance-pH monitoring. Gut 2006; 55: 1398-1402
- 150 Zerbib F, Roman S, Ropert A et al. Esophageal pH-impedance monitoring and symptom analysis in GERD: a study in patients off and on therapy. Am J Gastroenterol 2006; 101: 1956-1963
- 151 Tack J, Koek G, Demedts I et al. Gastroesophageal reflux disease poorly responsive to single-dose proton pump inhibitors in patients without Barrett’s esophagus: acid reflux, bile reflux, or both?. Am J Gastroenterol 2004; 99: 981-988
- 152 Pace F, Sangaletti O, Pallotta S et al. Biliary reflux and non-acid reflux are two distinct phenomena: a comparison between 24-hour multichannel intraesophageal impedance and bilirubin monitoring. Scand J Gastroenterol 2007; 42: 1031-1039
- 153 Sifrim D, Holloway R, Silny J et al. Acid, nonacid, and gas reflux in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease during ambulatory 24-hour pH-impedance recordings. Gastroenterology 2001; 120: 1588-1598
- 154 Sifrim D. Acid, weakly acidic and non-acid gastro-oesophageal reflux: differences, prevalence and clinical relevance. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2004; 16: 823-830
- 155 Vaezi M, Lacamera R, Richter J. Validation studies of Bilitec 2000: an ambulatory duodenogastric reflux monitoring system. Am J Physiol 1994; 267: G1050-G1057
- 156 Champion G, Richter J, Vaezi M et al. Duodenogastroesophageal reflux: relationship to pH and importance in Barrett’s esophagus. Gastroenterology 1994; 107: 747-754
- 157 Netzer P, Gut A, Brundler R et al. Influence of pantoprazole on oesophageal motility, and bile and acid reflux in patients with oesophagitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2001; 15: 1375-1384
- 158 Todd J, Basu K, de Caestecker J. Normalization of oesophageal pH does not guarantee control of duodenogastro-oesophageal reflux in Barrett’s oesophagus. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2005; 21: 969-975
- 159 Fass R, Mackel C, Sampliner R. 24-hour pH monitoring in symptomatic patients without erosive esophagitis who did not respond to antireflux treatment. J Clin Gastroenterol 1994; 19: 97-99
- 160 Katzka D, Paoletti V, Leite L et al. Prolonged ambulatory pH monitoring in patients with persistent gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms: testing while on therapy identifies the need for more aggressive anti-reflux therapy. Am J Gastroenterol 1996; 91: 2110-2113
- 161 Zerbib F, Duriez A, Roman S et al. Determinants of gastro-oesophageal reflux perception in patients with persistent symptoms despite proton pump inhibitors. Gut 2008; 57: 156-160
- 162 Emerenziani S, Sifrim D, Habib F et al. Presence of gas in the refluxate enhances reflux perception in non-erosive patients with physiological acid exposure of the oesophagus. Gut 2008; 57: 443-447
- 163 Bredenoord A, Weusten B, Timmer R et al. Reproducibility of multichannel intraluminal electrical impedance monitoring of gastroesophageal reflux. Am J Gastroenterol 2005; 100: 265-269
- 164 Bredenoord A, Weusten B, Curvers W et al. Determinants of perception of heartburn and regurgitation. Gut 2006; 55: 313-318
- 165 Hemmink G, Bredenoord A, Weusten B et al. Esophageal pH-impedance monitoring in patients with therapy-resistant reflux symptoms: ‘on’ or ‘off’ proton pump inhibitor?. Am J Gastroenterol 2008; 103: 2446-2453
- 166 Anforderung an die Hygiene bei der Aufbereitung flexibler Endoskope und endoskopischen Zusatzinstrumentariums. Empfehlung der Kommission für Krankenhaushygiene und Infektionsprävention beim Robert-Koch-Institut. Bundesgesundheitsbl Gesundheitsforsch Gesundheitsschutz 2002; 45: 395-411
- 167 Anforderung an die Hygiene bei der Aufbereitung von Medizinprodukten. Empfehlung der Kommission für Krankenhaushygiene und Infektionsprävention beim Robert-Koch-Institut und des Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte zu den „Anforderungen an die Hygiene bei der Aufbereitung von Medizinprodukten“. Bundesgesundheitsbl Gesundheitsforsch Gesundheitsschutz 2001; 44: 1115-1126
- 168 Emde C, Garner A, Blum AL. Technical aspects of intraluminal pH-metry in man: current status and recommendations. Gut 1987; 28: 1177-1188
- 169 Galmiche JP, Scarpignato C. Esophageal pH monitoring. Functional evaluation in esophageal disease. Front Gastrointest Res 1994; 22: 71-108
- 170 Mattox H, Richter J. Prolonged ambulatory esophageal pH monitoring in the evaluation of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Am J Med 1990; 89: 345-356
- 171 McLauchlan G, Buchanan N, Crean G et al. An endoscopic procedure for accurate localisation of intraluminal pH electrodes. Endoscopy 1987; 19: 124-126
- 172 Vandenplas Y, Helven R, Goyvaerts H. Comparative study of glass and antimony electrodes for continuous oesophageal pH monitoring. Gut 1991; 32: 708-712
- 173 Ask P, Edwall G, Johansson K. Accuracy and choice of procedures in 24-hour oesophageal pH monitoring with monocrystalline antimony electrodes. Med Biol Eng Comput 1986; 24: 602-608
- 174 Richter J, Bradley L, DeMeester T et al. Normal 24-hr ambulatory esophageal pH values. Influence of study center, pH electrode, age, and gender. Dig Dis Sci 1992; 37: 849-856
- 175 Anggiansah A, Sumboonnanonda K, Wang J et al. Significantly reduced acid detection at 10 centimeters compared to 5 centimeters above the lower esophageal sphincter in patients with acid reflux. Am J Gastroenterol 1993; 88: 842-846
- 176 Johansson KE, Tibbling L. Evaluation of the 24-hour pH test at two different levels of the esophagus. In: DeMeester TR, Skinner DB, (eds) Esophageal disorders: pathophysiology and therapy. New York.: Raven Press; 1985: 579-582
- 177 Lehman G, Rogers D, Cravens E et al. Prolonged pH probe testing less than 5 cm above the lower esophageal sphincter (LES): Establishing normal control values. Gastroenterology 1990; 98: A77
- 178 Ruiz de Leon A, Sevilla-Mantilla C, Perez de la Serna J et al. Simultaneous two-level esophageal 24-hour pH monitoring in patients with mild and severe esophagitis. Does probe position influence results of esophageal monitoring?. Dig Dis Sci 1995; 40: 1423-1427
- 179 Shaker R, Dodds W, Helm J et al. Regional esophageal distribution and clearance of refluxed gastric acid. Gastroenterology 1991; 101: 355-359
- 180 Singh P, Taylor R, Colin-Jones D. Simultaneous two level oesophageal pH monitoring in healthy controls and patients with oesophagitis: comparison between two positions. Gut 1994; 35: 304-308
- 181 DeMeester T, Johnson L, Joseph G et al. Patterns of gastroesophageal reflux in health and disease. Ann Surg 1976; 184: 459-470
- 182 Johnson L, DeMeester T. Twenty-four hour pH monitoring of the distal esophagus. A quantitative measure of gastroesophageal reflux. Am J Gastroenterol 1974; 62: 325-332
- 183 DeVault K, Castell D. A simplified technique for accurate placement of ambulatory pH probes. Am J Gastroenterol 1991; 86: 380-381
- 184 Kahrilas P, Quigley E. American Gastroenterological Association medical position statement: Guidelines on the use of esophageal pH recording. Gastroenterology 1996; 110: 1981-1996
- 185 Singh S, Price J, Richter J. The LES locator: accurate placement of an electrode for 24-hour pH measurement with a combined solid state pressure transducer. Am J Gastroenterol 1992; 87: 967-970
- 186 Klauser A, Schindlbeck N, Müller-Lissner S. Esophageal 24-h pH monitoring: is prior manometry necessary for correct positioning of the electrode?. Am J Gastroenterol 1990; 85: 1463-1467
- 187 Klingler P, Hinder R, Wetscher G et al. Accurate placement of the esophageal pH electrode for 24-hour pH monitoring using a combined pH/manometry probe. Am J Gastroenterol 2000; 95: 906-909
- 188 Marples M, Mughal M, Bancewicz J. Can an esophageal pH electrode be accurately positioned without manometry?. In: Siewert JR, Hoelscher AH, (eds) Diseases of the esophagus. Berlin Heidelberg New York: Springer; 1987: 789-791
- 189 Mattox H, Richter J, Sinclair J et al. Gastroesophageal pH step-up inaccurately locates proximal border of lower esophageal sphincter. Dig Dis Sci 1992; 37: 1185-1191
- 190 Pehl C, Boccali I, Wendl B et al. Results of dual probe pH-metry with probe positioning either by manometry or pH step-up in healthy volunteers and patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease. Gut 1999; 45: A46
- 191 Rokkas T, Anggiansah A, Dorrington L et al. Accurate positioning of the pH-probe in the oesophagus without manometry. Ital J Gastroenterol 1987; 19: 176-178
- 192 Walther B, DeMeester T. Placement of the esophageal pH electrode for 24-hour esophageal pH monitoring. In: DeMeester TR, Skinner DB, (eds) Esophageal disorders: Pathophysiology and therapy. New York: Raven Press; 1985: 539-541
- 193 Pehl C, Boccali I, Hennig M et al. pH probe positioning for 24 hour pH-metry by manometry or pH step-up. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2004; 16: 375-382
- 194 Fatih Can M, Yagci G, Cetiner S et al. Accurate positioning of the 24-hour pH monitoring catheter: Agreement between manometry and pH step-up method in two patient positions. World J Gastroenterol 2007; 13: 6197-6202
- 195 Fletcher J, Wirz A, Henry E et al. Studies of acid exposure immediately above the gastro-oesophageal squamocolumnar junction: evidence of short segment reflux. Gut 2004; 53: 168-167
- 196 Vincent Jr D, Garrett J, Radionoff S et al. The proximal probe in esophageal pH monitoring: development of a normative database. J Voice 2000; 14: 247-254
- 197 Williams R, Ali G, Wallace K et al. Esophagopharyngeal acid regurgitation: dual pH monitoring criteria for its detection and insights into mechanisms. Gastroenterology 1999; 117: 1051-1061
- 198 Ulualp S, Toohill R, Shaker R. Pharyngeal acid reflux in patients with single and multiple otolaryngologic disorders. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1999; 121: 725-730
- 199 Wong R, Hanson D, Waring P et al. ENT manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux. Am J Gastroenterol 2000; 95 (Suppl. 08) S15-S22
- 200 Ergun G, Kahrilas P. Clinical applications of esophageal manometry and pH monitoring. Am J Gastroenterol 1996; 91: 1077-1089
- 201 Hendrix T. pH monitoring: is it the gold standard for the detection of gastroesophageal reflux disease?. Dysphagia 1993; 8: 122-124
- 202 Clark C, Kraus B, Sinclair J et al. Gastroesophageal reflux induced by exercise in healthy volunteers. JAMA 1989; 261: 3599-3601
- 203 Shawdon A. Gastro-oesophageal reflux and exercise. Important pathology to consider in the athletic population. Sports Med 1995; 20: 109-116
- 204 Richter J. Ambulatory esophageal pH monitoring. Am J Med 1997; 103: 130S-134S
- 205 Savarino V, Mela G, Zentilin P et al. Esophageal pH monitoring: factors influencing the definition of normality. Minerva Chir 1991; 46: 103-109
- 206 Wo J, Castell D. Exclusion of meal periods from ambulatory 24-hour pH monitoring may improve diagnosis of esophageal acid reflux. Dig Dis Sci 1994; 39: 1601-1607
- 207 Shay S, Conwell D, Mehindru V et al. The effect of posture on gastroesophageal reflux event frequency and composition during fasting. Am J Gastroenterol 1996; 91: 54-60
- 208 Jamieson J, Stein H, DeMeester T et al. Ambulatory 24-h esophageal pH monitoring: Normal values, optimal thresholds, specificity, sensitivity, and reproducibility. Am J Gastroenterol 1992; 87: 1102-1111
- 209 Bianchi Porro G, Pace F. Comparison of three methods of intraesophageal pH recordings in the diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux. Scand J Gastroenterol 1988; 23: 743-750
- 210 Dhiman R, Saraswat V, Mishra A et al. Inclusion of supine period in short-duration pH monitoring is essential in diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Dig Dis Sci 1996; 41: 764-772
- 211 Dobhan R, Castell D. Prolonged intraesophageal pH monitoring with 16-hr overnight recording. Comparison with “24-hr” analysis. Dig Dis Sci 1992; 37: 857-864
- 212 Fink S, McCallum R. The role of prolonged esophageal pH monitoring in the diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux. JAMA 1984; 252: 1160-1164
- 213 Grande L, Pujol A, Ros E et al. Intraesophageal pH monitoring after breakfast + lunch in gastroesophageal reflux. J Clin Gastroenterol 1988; 10: 373-376
- 214 Jorgensen F, Elsborg L, Hesse B. The diagnostic value of computerized short-term oesophageal pH-monitoring in suspected gastro-oesophageal reflux. Scand J Gastroenterol 1988; 23: 363-368
- 215 Dobhan R, Castell D. Prolonged intraesophageal pH monitoring with 16-hr overnight recording. Comparison with “24-hr” analysis. Dig Dis Sci 1992; 37: 857-864
- 216 Schindlbeck N, Ippisch H, Klauser A et al. Which pH threshold is best in esophageal pH monitoring. Am J Gastroenterol 1991; 86: 1138-1141
- 217 Tytgat G, Bennett J, Dent J et al. Oesophageal pH monitoring – normal and abnormal. Gastroenterol Int 1989; 2: 141-149
- 218 Dinelli M, Passaretti S, Di Francia I et al. Area under pH 4: a more sensitive parameter for the quantitative analysis of esophageal acid exposure in adults. Am J Gastroenterol 1999; 94: 3139-3144
- 219 Ter R, Johnston B, Castell D. Exclusion of meal period improves the clinical reliability of esophageal pH monitoring. J Clin Gastroenterol 1997; 25: 314-316
- 220 Tovar J, Izquierdo M, Eizaguirre I. The area under pH curve: a single-figure parameter representative of esophageal acid exposure. J Pediatr Surg 1991; 26: 163-167
- 221 Vandenplas Y, Franckx-Gossens A, Pipeleers-Marichal M et al. Area under pH 4: advantages of a new parameter in the interpretation of esophageal pH monitoring data in infants. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1989; 9: 34-39
- 222 Johnson L, DeMeester T. Development of the 24-hour intraesophageal pH monitoring composite scoring system. J Clin Gastroenterol 1986; 8 (Suppl. 01) 52-58
- 223 Schindlbeck N, Heinrich C, König A et al. Optimal thresholds, sensitivity, and specificity of long-term pH-metry for the detection of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Gastroenterology 1987; 93: 85-90
- 224 Vandenplas Y, Helven R, Goyvaerts H et al. Reproducibility of continuous 24 hour oesophageal pH monitoring in infants and children. Gut 1990; 31: 374-377
- 225 Ward B, Wu W, Richter J et al. Ambulatory 24-hour esophageal pH monitoring. Technology searching for a clinical application. J Clin Gastroenterol 1986; 8 (Suppl. 01) 59-67
- 226 Wiener G, Morgan T, Copper J et al. Ambulatory 24-hour esophageal pH monitoring. Reproducibility and variability of pH parameters. Dig Dis Sci 1988; 33: 1127-1133
- 227 Parilla P, Martinez de Haro L, Ortiz A et al. Can pH recordings suggest defective esophageal peristalsis in patients with gastroesophageal reflux. Scand J Gastroenterol 1992; 27: 929-932
- 228 Stanciu C, Bennett J. Oesophageal acid clearing: one factor in the production of reflux oesophagitis. Gut 1974; 15: 852-857
- 229 Orenstein S, Izadnia F, Khan S. Gastroesophageal reflux disease in children. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 1999; 28: 947-969
- 230 Vandenplas Y, Goyvaerts H, Helven R et al. Gastroesophageal reflux, as measured by 24-hour pH monitoring, in 509 healthy infants screened for risk of sudden infant death syndrome. Pediatrics 1991; 88: 834-840
- 231 Boesby S. Continuous oesophageal pH recording and acid-clearing test. A study of reproducibility. Scand J Gastroenterol 1977; 12: 245-247
- 232 Bontempo I, Corazziari E, Tosoni M et al. Reproducibility of esophageal pH-metric measurements. Gastroenterology 1985; 88: A1331
- 233 Hampton F, MacFayden U, Simpson H. Reproducibility of 24 hour oesophageal pH studies in infants. Arch Dis Child 1990; 65: 1249-1254
- 234 Herrera J, Simpson III J, Maydonovitch C et al. Comparison of stationary vs. ambulatory 24-hour pH monitoring recording systems. Dig Dis Sci 1988; 33: 385-388
- 235 Johnsson F, Joelsson B. Reproducibility of ambulatory oesophageal pH monitoring. Gut 1988; 29: 886-889
- 236 Ayazi S, Lipham J, Portale G et al. Bravo catheter-free pH monitoring: normal values, concordance, optimal diagnostic thresholds, and accuracy. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2009; 7: 60-67 . Epub 2008 Aug 16
- 237 des Varannes S, Mion F, Ducrotte P et al. Simultaneous recordings of oesophageal acid exposure with conventional pH monitoring and a wireless system (Bravo). Gut 2005; 54: 1682-1686
- 238 Hampton F, MacFayden U, Mayberry J. Variations in results of simultaneous ambulatory esophageal pH monitoring. Dig Dis Sci 1992; 37: 506-512
- 239 Murphy D, Faust K, Chiantella V et al. Assessment of accuracy of intraesophageal pH probe in a dog model. Dig Dis Sci 1989; 34: 1079-1084
- 240 Murphy D, Yuan Y, Castell D. Does the intraesophageal pH probe accurately detect acid reflux? Simultaneous recording with two pH probes in humans. Dig Dis Sci 1989; 34: 649-656
- 241 Patti M, Diener U, Tamburini A et al. Role of esophageal function tests in diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Dig Dis Sci 2001; 46: 597-602
- 242 Johnston B, Collins J, McFarland R et al. Are esophageal symptoms reflux-related? A study of different scoring systems in a cohort of patients with heartburn. Am J Gastroenterol 1994; 89: 497-502
- 243 Watson R, Tham T, Johnston B et al. Double-blind cross-over placebo controlled study of omeprazole in the treatment of patients with reflux symptoms and physiological levels of acid reflux – the “sensitive oesophagus”. Gut 1997; 40: 587-590
- 244 Baldi F, Ferrarini F, Longanesi A et al. Acid gastroesophageal reflux and symptom occurrence. Analysis of some factors influencing their association. Dig Dis Sci 1989; 34: 1890-1893
- 245 Weusten B, Akkermans L, vanBerge-Henegouwen G et al. Symptom perception in gastroesophageal reflux disease is dependent on spatiotemporal reflux characteristics. Gastroenterology 1995; 108: 1739-1744
- 246 Smith J, Opekun A, Larkai E et al. Sensitivity of the esophageal mucosa to pH in gastroesophageal reflux disease. Gastroenterology 1989; 96: 683-689
- 247 Rodriguez-Stanley S, Robinson M, Earnest D et al. Esophageal hypersensitivity may be a major cause of heartburn. Am J Gastroenterol 1999; 94: 628-631
- 248 Shi G, Bruley des Varannes S, Scarpignato C et al. Reflux related symptoms in patients with normal oesophageal exposure to acid. Gut 1995; 37: 457-464
- 249 Fass R, Pulliam G, Johnson C et al. Symptom severity and oesophageal chemosensitivity to acid in older and young patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux. Age Aging 2000; 29: 125-130
- 250 Bradley L, Richter J, Pulliam T et al. The relationship between stress and symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux: the influence of psychological factors. Am J Gastroenterol 1993; 88: 11-19
- 251 Johnston B, Lewis S, Love A. Psychological factors in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Gut 1995; 36: 481-482
- 252 Janssens J, Vantrappen G. Irritable esophagus. Am J Med 1992; 92 (Suppl. 05) 27-32S
- 253 Pandolfino J, Richter J, Ours T et al. Ambulatory esophageal pH monitoring using a wireless system. Am J Gastroenterol 2003; 98: 740-749
- 254 Ghillebert G, Janssens J, Vantrappen G et al. Ambulatory 24 hour intraoesophageal pH and pressure recordings v provocation tests in the diagnosis of chest pain of oesophageal origin. Gut 1990; 31: 738-744
- 255 Fass R, Naliboff B, Higa L et al. Differential effect of long-term esophageal acid exposure on mechanosensitivity and chemosensitivity in humans. Gastroenterology 1998; 115: 1363-1373
- 256 Peters L, Maas L, Petty D et al. Spontaneous noncardiac chest pain. Evaluation by 24-hour ambulatory esophageal motility and pH monitoring. Gastroenterology 1988; 94: 878-886
- 257 Soffer E, Scalabrini P, Wingate D. Spontaneous noncardiac chest pain: value of ambulatory esophageal pH and motility monitoring. Dig Dis Sci 1989; 34: 1651-1655
- 258 Lam H, Breumelhof R, Roelofs J et al. What is the optimal time window in symptom analysis of 24-hour esophageal pressure and pH data?. Dig Dis Sci 1994; 39: 402-409
- 259 Singh S, Richter J, Bradley L et al. The symptom index. Differential usefulness in suspected acid-related complaints of heartburn and chest pain. Dig Dis Sci 1993; 38: 1402-1408
- 260 Wiener G, Richter J, Copper J et al. The symptom index: a clinically important parameter of ambulatory 24-hour esophageal pH monitoring. Am J Gastroenterol 1988; 83: 358-361
- 261 Hewson E, Sinclair J, Dalton C et al. Acid perfusion test: does it have a role in the assessment of noncardiac chest pain?. Gut 1989; 30: 305-310
- 262 Howard P, Maher L, Pryde A et al. Symptomatic gastro-oesophageal reflux, abnormal oesophageal acid exposure, and mucosal acid sensitivity are three separate, though related, aspects of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Gut 1991; 32: 128-132
- 263 Johnsson F, Joelsson B, Gudmundsson K et al. Symptoms and endoscopic findings in the diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Scand J Gastroenterol 1987; 22: 714-718
- 264 Breumelhof R, Smout A. The symptom sensitivity index: a valuable additional parameter in 24-hour esophageal pH recording. Am J Gastroenterol 1991; 86: 160-164
- 265 Lloyd D, Borda I. Food-induced heartburn: Effect of osmolality. Gastroenterology 1981; 80: 740-741
- 266 Price S, Smithson K, Castell D. Food sensitivity in reflux esophagitis. Gastroenterology 1978; 75: 240-243
- 267 Yeoh K, Ho K, Guan R et al. How does chili cause upper gastrointestinal symptoms? A correlation study with esophageal mucosal sensitivity and esophageal motility. J Clin Gastroenterol 1995; 21: 87-90
- 268 Weusten B, Roelofs J, Akkermans L et al. The symptom-association probability: an improved method for symptom analysis of 24-hour esophageal pH data. Gastroenterology 1994; 107: 1741-1745
- 269 Aanen M, Bredenoord A, Numans M et al. Reproducibility of symptom association analysis in ambulatory reflux monitoring. Am J Gastroenterol 2008; 103: 2200-2208
- 270 Emde C, Armstrong D, Blum A. Chest pain due to gastroesophageal reflux: presentation of a mathematical procedure to assess ist significance. J Gastrointest Motil 1990; 2: 140
- 271 Richter J, Bradley L, DeMeester T et al. Normal 24-hr ambulatory esophageal pH values. Influence of study center, pH electrode, age, and gender. Dig Dis Sci 1992; 37: 849-856
- 272 Sweis R, Fox M, Anggiansah R et al. Patient Acceptance and Clinical Impact of Bravo Monitoring in Patients with Previously Failed Catheter-Based Studies. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2009; 29: 669-676
- 273 Wenner J, Johnsson F, Johansson J et al. Wireless Esophageal pH Monitoring is Better Tolerated than the Catheter-Based Technique: Results from a Cross-Over Trial. Am J Gastroenterol 2007; 102: 239-245
- 274 Hirano I, Zhang Q, Pandolfino J et al. Four-day Bravo pH capsule monitoring with and without proton pump inhibitor therapy. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2005; 3: 1083-1088
- 275 Ward E, DeVault K, Bouras E et al. Successful oesophageal pH monitoring with a catheter-free system. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2004; 19: 449-454
- 276 Bhat Y, McGrath K, Bielefeldt K. Wireless esophageal pH monitoring: new technique means new questions. J Clin Gastroenterol 2006; 40: 116-121
- 277 Roman S, Mion F, Zerbig F et al. Wireless pH capsule – yield in clinical practice. Endoscopy 2012; 44: 270-276
- 278 Lacy B, O’Shana T, Hynes M et al. Safety and tolerability of transoral Bravo capsule placement after transnasal manometry using a validated conversion factor. Am J Gastroenterol 2007; 102: 24-32
- 279 Marchese M, Spada C, Iacopini F et al. Nonendoscopic transnasal placement of a wireless capsule for esophageal pH monitoring: feasibility, safety, and efficacy of a manometry-guided procedure. Endoscopy 2006; 38: 813-818
- 280 Nusrat S, Roy P, Bielefeldt K. Wireless ambulatory pH studies: manometric or endoscopic guidance?. Dis Esophagus 2012; 25: 26-32
- 281 Doma S, Paladugu S, Parkman H et al. Wireless capsules for esophageal pH monitoring: are we placing them correctly?. Digestion 2010; 82: 54-59
- 282 Sofi A, Filipiak C, Sodeman T et al. Comparison of esophageal placement of Bravo capsule system under direct endoscopic guidance with conventional placement method. Clin Exp Gastroenterol 2010; 3: 147-151
- 283 Sofi A, Filipiak C, Sodeman T et al. Comparison of esophageal placement of Bravo capsule system under direct endoscopic guidance with conventional placement method. Turk J Gastroenterol 2011; 22: 243-248
- 284 Hogan R, Phillips P, Boyd S et al. Two-year retention of Bravo capsule in a giant colonic diverticulum. Am J Gastroenterol 2009; 104: 1062
- 285 Remes-Troche J, Ibarra-Palomino J, Carmona-Sanchez R et al. Performance, tolerability, and symptoms related to prolonged pH monitoring using the Bravo system in Mexico. Am J Gastroenterol 2005; 100: 2382-2386
- 286 Valdovinos Diaz M, Remes TrocheJ, Ruiz AguilarJ et al. Successful esophageal pH monitoring with Bravo capsule in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease. Rev Gastroenterol Mex 2004; 69: 62-68
- 287 Ang D, Teo E, Ang T et al. To Bravo or not? A comparison of wireless esophageal pH monitoring and conventional pH catheter to evaluate non-erosive gastroesophageal reflux disease in a multiracial Asian cohort. J Dig Dis 2010; 11: 19-27
- 288 Ahlawat S, Novak D, Williams D et al. Day-to-day variability in acid reflux patterns using the BRAVO pH monitoring system. J Clin Gastroenterol 2006; 40: 20-24
- 289 de Hoyos A, Esparza E. Technical problems produced by the Bravo pH test in nonerosive reflux disease patients. World J Gastroenterol 2010; 16: 3183-3186
- 290 de Hoyos A, Esparza E, Loredo M. Cold and hot snare endoscopic techniques for removal of the Bravo pH monitoring capsule. Digestion 2009; 79: 14-16
- 291 Agrawal D, Akerman P, Rich H. Removal of a Bravo 24-hour pH capsule with endoscopic scissors. Gastrointest Endosc 2009; 70: 385-386
- 292 Fajardo N, Wise J, Locke G et al. Esophageal perforation after placement of wireless Bravo pH probe. Gastrointest Endosc 2006; 63: 184-185
- 293 von Renteln D, Kayser T, Riecken B et al. An unusual case of Bravo capsule aspiration. Endoscopy 2008; 40 (Suppl. 02) E174
- 294 Korrapati V, Babich J, Balani A et al. Does deep sedation impact the results of 48 hours catheterless pH testing?. World J Gastroenterol 2011; 17: 1304-1307
- 295 Chander B, Hanley-Williams N, Deng Y et al. 24 Versus 48-hour Bravo pH Monitoring. J Clin Gastroenterol 2011; [Epub ahead of print]
- 296 Sweis R, Fox M, Anggiansah A et al. Prolonged, wireless pH-studies have a high diagnostic yield in patients with reflux symptoms and negative 24-h catheter-based pH-studies. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2011; 23: 419-426 . Epub 2011 Jan 16
- 297 Prakash C, Clouse R. Wireless pH monitoring in patients with non-cardiac chest pain. Am J Gastroenterol 2006; 101: 446-452
- 298 Grigolon A, Bravi I, Cantù P et al. Wireless pH monitoring: better tolerability and lower impact on daily habits. Dig Liver Dis 2007; 39: 720-724 . Epub 2007 Jun 29
- 299 Gillies R, Stratford J, Booth M et al. Oesophageal pH monitoring using the Bravo catheter-free radio capsule. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2007; 19: 57-63
- 300 Sweis R, Fox M, Anggiansah A et al. Prolonged, wireless pH-studies have a high diagnostic yield in patients with reflux symptoms and negative 24-h catheter-based pH-studies. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2011; 23: 419-426 . Epub 2011 Jan 16
- 301 Mönkemüller K, Neumann H, Fry L et al. Catheter-free pH-metry using the Bravo capsule versus standard pH-metry in patients with non-erosive reflux disease (NERD). Z Gastroenterol 2009; 47: 351-356 . Epub 2009 Apr 8
- 302 Silny J. Intraluminal multiple electric impedance procedure for measurement of gastrointestinal motility. J Gastointest Mot 1991; 3: 151-162
- 303 Nguyen H, Silny J, Albers D et al. Dynamics of esophageal bolus transport in healthy sujects studied using multiple intraluminal impedancometry. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 1997; 273: G958-G964
- 304 Nguyen H, Silny J, Matern S. Multiple intraluminal electrical impedancometry for recording of upper gastrointestinal motility: current results and further implications. Am J Gastroenterol 1999; 94: 306-317
- 305 Skopnik H, Silny J, Heiber O et al. Gastroesophageal reflux in infants: Evaluation of a new intraluminal technique. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1996; 23: 591-598
- 306 Sifrim D, Silny J, Holloway R et al. Patterns of gas and liquid reflux during transient lower oesophageal sphincter relaxation: a study using intraluminal electrical impedance. Gut 1999; 44: 47-54
- 307 Sifrim D, Castell D, Dent J. Gastro-oesophageal reflux monitoring: review and consensus report on detection and definitions of acid, non-acid, and gas reflux. Gut 2004; 53: 1024-1031
- 308 Hemmink G, Bredenoord A, Aanen M et al. Computer analysis of 24-h esophageal impedance signals. Scand J Gastroenterol 2011; 46: 271-276
- 309 Pilic D, Höfs C, Weitmann S et al. Inter- and intraobserver agreement in 24-hour combined multiple intraluminal impedance and pH measurement in children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2011; 53: 255-259
- 310 Shay S, Tutuian R, Sifrim D et al. Twenty-four hour ambulatory simultaneous impedance and pH monitoring: a multicenter report of normal values from 60 healthy volunteers. Am J Gastroenterol 2004; 99: 1037-1043
- 311 Shay S, Tutuian R, Vela M. Twenty-four hour ambulatory multichannel intraluminal impedance and pH: A multicenter report of normal values from 45 healthy volunteers. Gastroenterology 2002; 122
- 312 Emerenziani S, Ribolsi M, Sifrim D et al. Regional oesophageal sensitivity to acid and weakly acidic reflux in patients with non-erosive reflux disease. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2009; 21: 253-258
- 313 Iwakiri K, Kawami N, Sano H et al. Acid and non-acid reflux in Japanese patients with non-erosive reflux disease with persistent reflux symptoms, despite taking a double-dose of proton pump inhibitor: a study using combined pH-impedance monitoring. J Gastroenterol 2009; 44: 708-712
- 314 Savarino E, Tutuian R, Zentilin P et al. Characteristics of reflux episodes and symptom association in patients with erosive esophagitis and nonerosive reflux disease: study using combined impedance-pH off therapy. Am J Gastroenterol 2010; 105: 1053-1061
- 315 Savarino E, Marabotto E, Zentilin P et al. The added value of impedance-pH monitoring to Rome III criteria in distinguishing functional heartburn from non-erosive reflux disease. Dig Liver Dis 2011; 43: 542-547
- 316 Weigt J, Mönkemüller K, Kolfenbach S et al. Standards und Innovationen in der Diagnostik der gastroö̧sophagealen Refluxkrankheit. Z Gastroenterol 2007; 45: 1141-1149
- 317 Vaezi M, Richter J. Role of acid and duodenogastroesophageal reflux in gastroesophageal reflux disease. Gastroenterology 1996; 111: 1192-1199
- 318 Stein H, Barlow A, DeMeester T et al. Complications of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Role of the lower esophageal sphincter, esophageal acid and acid/alkaline exposure, and duodenogastric reflux. Ann Surg 1992; 216: 35-43
- 319 Marshall R, Anggianash A, Owen W. The relationship between acid and bile reflux and symptoms in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Gut 1997; 40: 182-187
- 320 Vaezi M, Singh S, Richter J. Role of acid and duodenogastric reflux in esophageal mucosal injury: a review of animal and human studies. Gastroenterology 1995; 108: 1897-1907
- 321 Girelli C, Cuvello P, Limido E et al. Duodenogastric reflux: an update. Am J Gastroenterol 1996; 91: 648-653
- 322 Koek G, Tack J, Sifrim D et al. The role of acid and duodenal gastroesophageal reflux in symptomatic GERD. Am J Gastroenterol 2001; 96: 2033-2040
- 323 Xu X, Li Z, Zou D et al. Role of duodenogastroesophageal reflux in the pathogenesis of esophageal mucosal injury and gastroesophageal reflux symptoms. Can J Gastroenterol 2006; 20: 91-94
- 324 Gutschow C, Bollschweiler E, Schröder W et al. Effect of “white diet” during bile monitoring with Bilitec 2000 on esophageal pH-metry in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease. J Gastrointest Surg 2005; 9: 508-513
- 325 Vaezi M, Richter J. Contribution of acid and duodenogastro-oesophageal reflux to oe- sophageal mucosal injury and symptoms in partial gastrectomy patients. Gut 1997; 41: 297-302
- 326 Yuasa N, Abe T, Sasaki E et al. Comparison of gastroesophageal reflux in 100 patients with or without prior gastroesophageal surgery. J Gastroenterol 2009; 44: 650-658 . Epub 2009 May 12
- 327 Baldini F, Bechi P, Cianchi F et al. Analysis of the optical properties of bile. J Biomed Opt 2000; 5: 321-329
- 328 Vaezi M, Richter J. Duodenogastroesophageal reflux and methods to monitor nonacidic reflux. Am J Med 2001; 111 (Suppl. 08) 160S-168S
- 329 Kauer W, Burdiles P, Ireland A et al. Does duodenal juice reflux into the esophagus of patients with complicated GERD? Evaluation of a fi- beroptic sensor for bilirubin. Am J Surg 1995; 169: 98-103
- 330 Caldwell M, Lawlor P, Byrne P et al. Ambulatory oesophageal bile reflux monitoring in Barrett’s oesophagus. Br J Surg 1995; 82: 657-660
- 331 Bechi P, Pucciani F, Baldini F et al. Long-term ambulatory enterogastric reflux monitoring. Validation of a new fiberoptic technique. Dig Dis Sci 1993; 38: 1297-1306
- 332 Barrett M, Myers J, Watson D et al. Detection of bile reflux: in vivo validation of the Bilitec fibreoptic system. Dis Esophagus 2000; 13: 44-50
- 333 Felix V, Viebig R. Recommended diet for reflux spectrophotometry. Article in Portuguese. Arq Gastroenterol 2003; 40: 20-24 . Epub 2003 Oct 6
- 334 Barrett M, Myers J, Watson I et al. Dietary interference with the use of Bilitec to assess bile reflux. Dis Esophagus 1999; 12: 60-64
- 335 Tack J, Bisschops R, Koek G et al. Dietary restrictions during ambulatory monitoring of duodenogastroesophageal reflux. Dig Dis Sci 2003; 48: 1213-1220
- 336 Cuomo R, Koek G, Sifrim D et al. Analysis of ambulatory duodenogastroesophageal reflux monitoring. Dig Dis Sci 2000; 45: 2463-2469
- 337 Menges M, Müller M, Zeitz M. Increased acid and bile reflux in Barrett’s esophagus compared to reflux esophagitis, and effect of proton pump inhibitor therapy. Am J Gastroenterol 2001; 96: 331-337