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Zahnmedizin up2date 2013; 7(3): 247-268
DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1325000
Kraniomandibuläre Dysfunktion
Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Bruxismus und Implantate

Daniele Manfredini
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Publication History

Publication Date:
06 June 2013 (online)

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Einleitung

Bruxismus ist eine Fehlfunktion des Kauapparates, die im Verdacht steht, sowohl das stomatognathe System als auch dentale Implantate schädigen zu können [1], [2]. Trotz der enormen Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet der Epidemiologie, der Diagnostik und der Therapie von Bruxismus ist die Auswirkung auf dentale Implantate bisher nur unzureichend untersucht [3], [4]. Daher basieren die Empfehlungen für die implantologische Rehabilitation bei Patienten mit Bruxismus auf Expertenmeinungen anstatt auf wissenschaftlich fundierten Daten [5].

Zielsetzung

Aufgrund dieser Erkenntnis hat der vorliegende Bericht 3 Ziele:

  • die kurze Darstellung des derzeitigen Wissensstandes zur Diagnose von Bruxismus,

  • die systematische Literaturanalyse zum Thema Bruxismus und Implantate und

  • die Erarbeitung von klinischen Empfehlungen für den Praktiker


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Definition

Derzeit besteht noch keine Übereinkunft, wie Bruxismus am besten definiert werden soll. Die „American Academy of Sleep Medicine“ [6], die „American Academy of Orofacial Pain“ [7], und das „Glossary of Prosthodontic Terms“ [8] konnten sich bisher nicht auf eine einheitliche Definition einigen. Aus diesem Grund hat sich ein Expertenteam zusammengefunden, um eine möglichst umfassende Definition zu erarbeiten, welche die allgemein anerkannten Schlüsselbegriffe beinhaltet, aber voreilige Rückschlüsse vermeidet.

Merke: Bruxismus ist eine wiederholte Kiefermuskelaktivität, die sich durch Zähnepressen oder Zähneknirschen und/oder dem Vorschieben des Unterkiefers auszeichnet.

Bruxismus kann entweder während des Schlafens (nächtlicher Bruxismus) oder tagsüber auftreten [9].


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