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Sprache · Stimme · Gehör 2012; 36(03): e41-e46
DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1321725
Schwerpunktthema
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Aspekte von Intelligenz und ihr Zusammenhang mit Sprache – eine Übersicht

Aspects of Intelligence and their Relation with Language – A Review
C. Kiese-Himmel
1   Phoniatrisch/Pädaudiologische Psychologie, Medizinische Psychologie & Medizinische Soziologie, Universitätsmedizin ­Göttingen
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Publication History

Publication Date:
25 September 2012 (online)

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Zusammenfassung

Der Artikel bietet eine Übersicht zu Facetten des Persönlichkeitskonstrukts „Intelligenz“ – ein Sammelbegriff für kognitive Fähigkeiten. Das Konzept der Allgemeinintelligenz (bereichsübergreifende intellektuelle Fähigkeit i. S. des Generalfaktors g) wie auch andere Strukturmodelle der Intelligenz, die bis heute die Operatio­nalisierung dieses Konstrukts bestimmen, werden skizziert. Des Weiteren wird auf die Bedeutung von Anlage und umweltbedingten Einflüssen in der Entwicklung von Intelligenz eingegangen. Aspekte der Stabilität und Veränderung von Intelligenz werden beschrieben. Intelligenz ist eine messbare Größe. In dem Zusammenhang wird der „Intelligenzquotient (IQ)“ als Standardmaß eingeführt. Eine durchschnittliche Intelligenz ist mit IQ=100 (SD 15) definiert. Ca. 68% der Menschen gelten als durchschnittlich intelligent, haben also einen IQ zwischen 85–115. Abschließend wird das Phänomen „Intelligenzminderung“ gestreift und Sprache und Sprachentwicklung werden in Assoziation mit niedriger Intelligenz thematisiert.

Abstract

The paper provides an overview of various facets of the personality construct “intelligence” – an umbrella term for cognitive abilities – and reports selected results of intelligence research. The general intelligence model (inter-divisional intellectual capability in the sense of a general factor g) as well as other structural models of intelligence which have determined hitherto the operationalisation of intelligence are outlined. The paper then describes the impact of genetic and environmental influences on the development of intelligence as well as its stability and changes. Intelligence, it is claimed, is also a statistical construct. In this context the “Intelligence Quotient” (IQ) is introduced as a standardised measure of intellectual capacity containing a wide range of cognitive abilities. An average IQ is defined by a mean of 100 (SD 15). Around 68% of individuals belong to the average intelligence range, possessing an IQ between 85 and 115. Finally, the phenomenon of lower intellectual ability is briefly touched upon, including the impact of low intelligence on language and language development.

Schlüsselwörter

Intelligenz - Kognition - Sprache - Intelligenzminderung

Key words

intelligence - cognition - language - mental retardation

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