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DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1252030
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Gedächtnisprozesse im medialen Temporallappen: Jenseits des Langzeitgedächtnisses
Memory Processes in the Medial Temporal Lobe: Beyond Long-Term MemoryPublication History
Publication Date:
24 June 2010 (online)
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Zusammenfassung
Einleitung: Gedächtnis ist kein einheitlicher Prozess, sondern besteht aus verschiedenen Subsystemen, die jeweils unterschiedliche neuronale Korrelate besitzen. Während seit längerem bekannt ist, dass der mediale Temporallappen (MTL) eine zentrale Rolle für die Einspeicherung und den Abruf deklarativer Gedächtnisinhalte spielt, wurde aufgrund früherer Studien angenommen, dass diese Hirnregion für Arbeitsgedächtnis eher irrelevant ist. Auch über die neuronalen Prozesse, die beim Menschen während der Konsolidierung von Langzeitgedächtnis-Inhalten im MTL auftreten, ist bisher wenig bekannt.
Methodik und Material: In diesem Übersichtsartikel werden mehrere Studien zur Rolle des MTL für Arbeitsgedächtnis und Langzeitgedächtnis-Konsolidierung zusammengefasst, die in der Klinik für Epileptologie der Universität Bonn während der Jahre 2006–2008 durchgeführt wurden. Methodisch basieren diese Studien einerseits auf intrakraniellen EEG-Ableitungen an Epilepsiepatienten, andererseits auf Messungen mittels funktioneller Magnetresonanztomografie an gesunden Probanden.
Ergebnisse und Diskussion: Anders als lange angenommen zeigte sich, dass der MTL durchaus eine Rolle für die Aufrechterhaltung von Inhalten im Arbeitsgedächtnis spielt. Dies scheint insbesondere dann der Fall zu sein, wenn mehrere Inhalte gleichzeitig gemerkt werden müssen. Studien zur Langzeitgedächtnis-Konsolidierung zeigten, dass hochfrequente Populationsentladungen (sogenannte „ripples”) während des Schlafes im MTL prädiktiv für den Erfolg der Langzeitgedächtnis-Konsolidierung sind. Diese Ergebnisse weisen darauf hin, dass die bisher angenommene exklusive Funktion des MTL für die Einspeicherung und den Abruf deklarativer Gedächtnisinhalte revidiert werden muss.
Abstract
Introduction: Memory is not a unitary process, but can be divided into multiple subsystems with distinct neuronal correlates. While it is well known that the medial temporal lobe (MTL) plays a crucial role in encoding into and retrieval from long-term memory, its relevance for other memory processes is currently under debate. Traditionally, it has been assumed that the MTL only plays a minor role during maintenance of items in working memory. The neural processes in the MTL during consolidation of items in long-term memory still remain to be investigated in humans.
Materials and Methos: In this review, we summarise several studies on the role of the MTL for working memory and long-term memory consolidation, which have been conducted at the Department of Epileptology, University of Bonn, during the years 2006–2008. These studies used intracranial EEG recordings in epilepsy patients as well as functional magnetic resonance imaging in healthy control subjects.
Results and Discussion: Contrary to traditional assumptions, these studies show that the MTL does play a role for maintenance of items in working memory. This appears to be particularly the case when multiple items need to be processed simultaneously. Studies on long-term memory consolidation showed that the incidence of high-frequency population bursts (“ripples”) within the MTL during sleep is predictive for the success of consolidation. These results suggest that the hypothesis of an exclusive function of the MTL for encoding into and retrieval from long-term memory needs to be revised.
Schlüsselwörter
Arbeitsgedächtnis - Gedächtnis-Konsolidierung - intrakranielle EEG - funktionelle Magnetresonanztomografie - Gedächtnissysteme
Key words
working memory - memory consolidation - intracranial EEG - functional MRI - memory systems
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Korrespondenzadresse
PD Dr. med. Nikolai Axmacher
Klinik für Epileptologie
Universität Bonn
Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25
53105 Bonn
Email: nikolai.axmacher@ukb.uni-bonn.de