Musik in der Rehabilitation von Patienten mit onkologischen Erkrankungen

Zusammenfassung

In der Rehabilitation onkologischer Patienten spielen additive, supportive und palliative Therapiestrategien – bedingt durch die ständigen Weiterentwicklungen der onkologischen Standardtherapien – eine zunehmende Rolle. Unter diesen Therapien, deren Hauptintention zumeist eine Verbesserung der Lebensqualität ist, wird u. a. auch das Medium Musik eingesetzt.

Ziel dieses Artikels ist die Beschreibung der therapeutischen Ansätze und Möglichkeiten des Einsatzes von Musik in der Rehabilitation onkologischer Patienten. Therapeutische Ansätze sind aktive und passive (rezeptive) Methoden, Musik darzubieten.

Möglichkeiten des Einsatzes von Musik umfassen verschiedenste Domänen der Lebensqualität wie Angst, Einsamkeit/Isolation, Verbalisation, Anspannung, Rückzug, Coping, Ärger/Zorn, Nausea, Vomitus, Schmerzen, Umgang mit Todesgedanken, Selbstbestimmung, Kommunikation mit Nahstehenden, Spiritualität, Behinderung. Zur Veranschaulichung werden am Ende des Artikels Erfahrungsberichte zweier Patienten präsentiert.

Der Einsatz des Mediums Musik in der Rehabilitation von Patienten mit malignen Erkrankungen im Sinne einer integrativen biopsychosozialen Maßnahme kann eine sinn- und wertvolle therapeutische Option sein. Für die weite Therapieoption „Musik” liegen unterschiedlichste Einsatzmöglichkeiten und Ansätze vor, denen allen gemein ist, dass sie eine positive Wirkung auf die Lebensqualität haben können. Künftige Untersuchungen sollten die Zusammenhänge der positiven Wirkungen von Musik auf Krebspatienten aufklären, um dieses Therapieangebot zu optimieren.

Summary

Due to the continuous development of effective oncological treatments, additive and supportive therapy strategies as well as palliative interventions play an important role in the rehabilitation of cancer patients. The improvement of quality of life is the main intention of all these therapeutic strategies, one of them music as a therapeutic approach.

This article intends to show the possible use of music in the rehabilitation of patients with oncological diseases. Therapeutic approaches are either active or passive (receptive) methods offering music.

Application of music encompasses effects on fear, verbalization, anger, coping with death wish, spirituality, pain, nausea, vomiting, facilitation of movements, disability, withdrawal, tension, retreat, communication with family members and caregivers. To allow the reader a practical insight, two patient's reports at the end of the article are presented.

Conclusions: The use of music in the sense of integrative biopsychosocial measures is very promising in the rehabilitation of patients with malignant diseases. All the manifold possibilities to use music as a therapy intend to improve the QOL of the patients. Music could thus be part of rehabilitation of cancer patients. Future studies should further describe the connections of the positive influence of music on cancer patients to optimize the therapy options in this field.

Schlüsselwörter

Musik - Onkologie - palliativ - Komplementärmedizin - Rehabilitation

Keywords

music - oncology - palliative - complementary medicine - rehabilitation

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